All (n=103) | CCS 0–2 (n=28) | CCS 3–5 (n=75) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 66.7 (12.7) | 67.4 (12.9) | 66.4 (12.6) | 0.705 |
Sex, female | 53/103 (51.5) | 13/28 (46.4) | 40/75 (53.3) | 0.533 |
Pre-stroke mRS 0–1 | 98/103 (95.1) | 27/28 (96.4) | 71/75 (94.7) | 0.711 |
Vascular risk factors | ||||
Hypertension | 63/102 (61.8) | 20/27 (74.1) | 43/75 (57.3) | 0.125 |
Diabetes mellitus | 13/102 (12.7) | 4/27 (14.8) | 9/75 (12.0) | 0.741 |
Atrial fibrillation | 39/103 (37.9) | 10/28 (35.7) | 29/75 (38.7) | 0.783 |
Prior stroke/TIA | 10/102 (9.8) | 4/27 (14.8) | 6/75 (8.0) | 0.449 |
Smoking, current | 22/103 (21.4) | 9/28 (32.1) | 13/75 (17.3) | 0.103 |
Pre-stroke medications | ||||
Anticoagulants | 16/102 (15.7) | 7/27 (25.9) | 9/75 (12.0) | 0.121 |
Other hospitals | 50/85 (58.8) | 10/22 (45.5) | 40/63 (63.5) | 0.139 |
IV tPA | 37/103 (35.9) | 8/28 (28.6) | 29/75 (38.7) | 0.342 |
Neurological status | ||||
Baseline NIHSS | 16 (12–20) | 19.5 (12.75–22.75) | 16 (10–19) | 0.045 |
NIHSS at 24 h | 11.5 (4–18) | 18 (10–20.5) | 8 (4–15) | 0.002 |
NIHSS at discharge | 7 (2.25–16.75) | 17 (8–19) | 5 (1.5–12) | <0.001 |
Time intervals | ||||
Onset to tPA | 120 (85–175) | 158 (150–180) | 105 (85–171.25) | 0.404 |
Onset to groin | 258 (197–392.5) | 298 (198–400) | 255 (192–393.75) | 0.209 |
Duration of procedure | 76 (42–129.25) | 91 (43–140.5) | 68 (41.75–111.75) | 0.234 |
Time to revascularization | 348 (258–478.5) | 417 (293.5–617.5) | 330 (251–464) | 0.147 |
Time of discharge | 0.445 | |||
<24 h | 14/83 (16.9) | 1/20 (5.0) | 13/63 (20.6) | |
24–48 h | 21/83 (25.3) | 6/20 (30.0) | 15/63 (23.8) | |
48–72 h | 4/83 (4.8) | 1/20 (5.0) | 3/63 (4.8) | |
>72 h | 44/83 (42.7) | 12/20 (60.0) | 32/63 (50.8) | |
Procedures | 0.450 | |||
Thrombectomy | 78/103 (75.7) | 20/28 (71.4) | 58/75 (77.3) | |
IA tPA | 15/103 (14.6) | 6/28 (21.4) | 9/75 (12.0) | |
Thrombectomy + IA tPA | 10/103 (9.7) | 2/28 (7.1) | 8/75 (10.7) | |
Admission CT ASPECTS | 9 (6–10) | 8 (6–10) | 9 (6.75–10) | 0.213 |
Vessel occlusion | 0.001 | |||
MCA M1 (proximal/distal) | 81/103 (78.6) | 16/28 (57.1) | 65/75 (86.7) | |
ICA (infra/supraclinoid ICA; tandem ICA-MCA; T-siphon) | 22/103 (21.4) | 12/28 (42.9) | 10/75 (13.3) | |
Admission CTA-CBS | 6 (4–8) | 6 (3.25–8) | 7 (5–7) | 0.221 |
Admission CTP ASPECTS | ||||
CBV ASPECTS | 9 (5–10) | 6 (5–10) | 9 (6–10) | 0.010 |
MTT ASPECTS | 3 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–3.25) | 0.169 |
CBF ASPECTS | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.299 |
CTP ASPECTS mismatch (MTT-CBV) | 5 (3–7) | 4 (2–6) | 6 (4–7) | 0.021 |
24–48 h-CT ASPECTS | 8 (5–9) | 7 (4–9) | 8 (6–10) | 0.382 |
Infarct growth | 0 (−2; 0) | −0.50 (−3.0; 0) | 0 (−2; 0) | 0.705 |
Side, right | 57/103 (55.3) | 14/28 (50.0) | 43/75 (57.3) | 0.505 |
CCS | ||||
0 | 3/103 (2.9) | |||
1 | 5/103 (4.9) | |||
2 | 20/103 (19.4) | |||
3 | 48/103 (73.8) | |||
4 | 25/103 (24.3) | |||
5 | 2/103 (1.9) | |||
CCS | 3 (2–4) | … | … | … |
CCS 3–5 | 75/103 (72.8) | … | … | … |
TICI | 0.153 | |||
0 | 12/103 (11.7) | 7/28 (25.0) | 5/75 (6.7) | |
1 | 4/103 (3.9) | 1/28 (3.6) | 3/75 (4.0) | |
2a | 21/103 (20.4) | 5/28 (17.9) | 16/75 (21.3) | |
2b | 30/103 (29.1) | 7/28 (25.0) | 23/75 (30.7) | |
3 | 36/103 (35.0) | 8/28 (28.6) | 28/75 (37.3) | |
TICI 2b-3 | 66/103 (64.1) | 15/28 (53.6) | 51/75 (68.0) | 0.174 |
Revascularization | 88/97 (90.7) | 21/25 (84.0) | 67/72 (93.1) | 0.230 |
Complications | 0.753 | |||
SAH | 2/103 (1.9) | 0 | 2/75 (2.7) | |
Thrombus migration | 3/103 (2.9) | 1/28 (3.6) | 2/75 (2.7) | |
Carotid stenting occlusion | 1/103 (1.0) | 0 | 1/75 (1.3) | |
Outcome measures | ||||
Early neurological improvement (≤4 NIHSS) | 54/100 (54.0) | 10/26 (38.5) | 44/74 (59.5) | 0.065 |
Early neurological deterioration (≥4 NIHSS or death) | 14/100 (14.0) | 4/26 (15.4) | 10/74 (13.5) | 0.754 |
Hemorrhagic transformation | 20/96 (20.8) | 7/24 (29.2) | 13/72 (18.1) | 0.246 |
ECASS II classification | 0.169 | |||
HI1 | 7/96 (7.3) | 2/24 (8.3) | 5/72 (6.9) | |
HI2 | 4/96 (4.2) | 0 | 4/72 (5.6) | |
PH1 | 6/96 (6.3) | 3/24 (12.5) | 3/72 (4.2) | |
PH2 | 3/96 (3.1) | 2/24 (8.3) | 1/72 (1.4) | |
SICH/ECASS II | 4/96 (4.2) | 1/24 (4.2) | 3/72 (4.2) | 1.0 |
mRS at 3 months | 0.002 | |||
0 | 4/103 (3.9) | 0 | 4/75 (5.3) | |
1 | 23/103 (22.3) | 1/28 (3.6) | 22/75 (29.3) | |
2 | 22/103 (21.4) | 3/28 (10.7) | 19/75 (25.3) | |
3 | 20/103 (19.4) | 9/28 (32.1) | 11/75 (14.7) | |
4 | 17/103 (16.5) | 6/28 (21.4) | 11/75 (14.7) | |
5 | 10/103 (9.7) | 4/28 (14.3) | 6/75 (8.0) | |
6 | 7/103 (6.8) | 5/28 (17.9) | 2/75 (2.7) | |
mRS 0–2 | 49/103 (47.6) | 4/28 (14.3) | 45/75 (60.0) | <0.001 |
mRS 0–1 | 27/103 (26.2) | 1/28 (3.6) | 26/75 (34.7) | 0.001 |
Death | 7/103 (6.8) | 5/28 (17.9) | 2/75 (2.7) |
Continuous variables are reported as mean (SD) or median (IQR), as appropriate. Proportions are reported as percentages.
ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; CBF, cerebral blood flow; CBS, Clot Burden Score; CBV, cerebral blood volume; CCS, Careggi Collateral Score; CTA, CT angiography; CTP, CT perfusion; ECASS, European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study; HI, hemorrhagic infarction; IA, intra-arterial; ICA, internal carotid artery; IV, intravenous; MCA, middle cerebral artery; MTT, mean transit time; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PH, parenchymal hematoma; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; SICH, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage; TIA, transient ischemic attack; TICI, Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.