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Ischemic stroke
Original research
Endovascular thrombectomy in patients with large core ischemic stroke: a cost-effectiveness analysis from the SELECT study
  1. Amrou Sarraj1,
  2. Elena Pizzo2,
  3. Kyriakos Lobotesis3,
  4. James C Grotta4,
  5. Ameer E Hassan5,
  6. Michael G Abraham6,
  7. Spiros Blackburn7,
  8. Arthur L Day7,
  9. Mark J Dannenbaum7,
  10. William Hicks8,
  11. Nirav A Vora8,
  12. Ronald F Budzik8,
  13. Anjail Z Sharrief1,
  14. Sheryl Martin-Schild9,10,
  15. Clark W Sitton11,
  16. Deep Kiritbhai Pujara1,
  17. Maarten G Lansberg12,
  18. Rishi Gupta13,
  19. Gregory W Albers12,
  20. Wolfgang G Kunz14
  21. on behalf of the SELECT Investigators
  1. 1 Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
  2. 2 Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
  3. 3 Imaging Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
  4. 4 Clinical Institute for Research and Innovation, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
  5. 5 Department of Neurology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
  6. 6 University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
  7. 7 Neurosurgery, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
  8. 8 Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
  9. 9 Touro Infirmary, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
  10. 10 New Orleans East Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
  11. 11 Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
  12. 12 Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
  13. 13 Neurosurgery, WellStar Health System, Marietta, Georgia, USA
  14. 14 Department of Radiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
  1. Correspondence to Dr Amrou Sarraj, Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Amrou.Sarraj{at}uth.tmc.edu

Abstract

Background It is unknown whether endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is cost effective in large ischemic core infarcts.

Methods In the prospective, multicenter, cohort study of imaging selection study (SELECT), large core was defined as computed tomography (CT) ASPECTS<6 or computed tomography perfusion (CTP) ischemic core volume (rCBF<30%) ≥50 cc. A Markov model estimated costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of EVT compared with medical management (MM) over lifetime. The willingness to pay (WTP) per QALY was set at $50 000 and $100 000 and the net monetary benefits (NMB) were calculated. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEAC) for EVT were assessed in SELECT and other pivotal trials.

Results From 361 patients enrolled in SELECT, 105 had large core on CT or CTP (EVT 62, MM 43). 19 (31%) EVT vs 6 (14%) MM patients achieved modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2 (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 9.62, P=0.03) with a shift towards better mRS (cOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.05 to 4.31, P=0.04). Over the projected lifetime of patients presenting with large core, EVT led to incremental costs of $33 094 and a gain of 1.34 QALYs per patient, resulting in ICER of $24 665 per QALY. EVT has a higher NMB compared with MM at lower (EVT -$42 747, MM -$76 740) and upper (EVT $155 041, MM $57 134) WTP thresholds. PSA confirmed the results and CEAC showed 77% and 92% acceptability of EVT at the WTP of $50 000 and $100 000, respectively. EVT was associated with an increment of $29 225 in societal costs. The pivotal EVT trials (HERMES, DAWN, DEFUSE 3) were dominant in a sensitivity analysis at the same inputs, with societal cost-savings of $37 901, $86 164 and $22 501 and a gain of 1.62, 2.36 and 2.21 QALYs, respectively.

Conclusions In a non-randomized prospective cohort study, EVT resulted in better outcomes in large core patients with higher QALYs, NMB and high cost-effectiveness acceptability rates at current WTP thresholds. Randomized trials are needed to confirm these results.

Clinical trial registration NCT02446587

  • thrombectomy
  • economics
  • intervention
  • stroke
  • thrombolysis

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (AS) upon reasonable request.

https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016766

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    Data availability statement

    The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (AS) upon reasonable request.

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    Footnotes

    • Twitter @amrsarrajMD, @WolfgangGKunzMD

    • Contributors AS collected the data, designed and drafted the manuscript and provided administrative support. WGK designed the manuscript, collected and analyzed the data and provided critical revisions. DKP collected and analyzed the data and provided critical revisions. EP analyzed the data and provided critical revisions. JCG, AEH, MGA, SB, ALD, MJD, WH, NAV, RFB, AZS, CWS, MGL, RG and GWA collected the data and provided critical revisions. KL and SM-S provided critical revisions.

    • Funding The SELECT trial was funded by a grant from Stryker Neurovascular to the McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).

    • Competing interests AS reports serving as the principal investigator of the SELECT 2: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize Patient’s Selection for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke trial, with an unrestricted grant from Stryker Neurovascular to University of Texas McGovern–Houston; as a consultant, speaker bureau member, and advisory board member for Stryker. EP is supported by the National Institute for Health Research ARC North Thames. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health and Social Care. KL reports institutional grants from Microvention and serving as a consultant for Microvention, Medtronic and Stryker. JCG reports research grants from Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Genentech and CSL Behring and serving as a consultant for Frazier Ltd. AEH is a consultant, speaker bureau member, and proctor for Medtronic and Microvention and a consultant and speaker bureau member for Stryker, Penumbra, GE Healthcare, Balt and Genentech. MGA reports serving as a consultant for Stryker Neurovascular and Penumbra Inc. SB reports a research grant from National Institutes of Health. WH reports serving on the speaker bureau of BMS/Pfizer and Portola. MGL reports serving as a consultant for Biogen, Genentech, NuvOx Pharma and Nektar Therapeutics. RG reports serving as the principal investigator for ASSIST Registry funded by Stryker Neurovascular, for RECCLAIM II funded by Zoll Therapeutics, for Tiger Study funded by Rapid Medical and serving on the clinical endpoint committee for MIND Trial funded by Penumbra. GWA reports serving as the principal investigator for DEFUSE 3 trial funded by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and as a consultant for Genentech and iSchemaView. He also reports an ownership interest in iSchemaView. WGK reports grant funding from the German Research Foundation and Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.