Footnotes

• Twitter @kiliantreurniet

• Collaborators List of MR CLEAN-NO IV Investigators, Collaborators and Affiliations. Principal investigators: Yvo Roos,¹ Charles Majoie.¹ Study coordinators: Kilian Treurniet,¹ Jonathan Coutinho,¹ Bart Emmer,¹ Natalie LeCouffe,¹ Manon Kappelhof,¹ Leon Rinkel,¹ Agnetha Bruggeman.¹ Local principal investigators: Bob Roozenbeek,² Adriaan van Es,² Inger de Ridder,⁴ Wim van Zwam,⁴ Bart van der Worp,⁵ Rob Lo,⁵ Koos Keizer,⁶ Rob Gons,⁶ Lonneke Yo,⁶ Jelis Boiten,⁷ Ido van den Wijngaard,⁷ Geert Lycklama à Nijeholt,⁷ Jeanette Hofmeijer,⁸ Jasper Martens,⁸ Wouter Schonewille,⁹ Jan Albert Vos,⁹ Anil Tuladhar,¹⁰ Floris Schreuder,¹⁰ Jeroen Boogaarts,¹⁰ Sjoerd Jenniskens,¹⁰ Karlijn de Laat,¹¹ Lukas van Dijk,¹¹ Heleen den Hertog,¹² Boudewijn van Hasselt,¹² Paul Brouwers,¹³ Emiel Sturm,¹³ Tomas Bulut,¹³ Michel Remmers,¹⁴ Anouk van Norden,¹⁴ Thijs de Jong,¹⁴ Anouk Rozeman,¹⁵ Otto Elgersma,¹⁵ Maarten Uyttenboogaart,¹⁶ Reinoud Bokkers,¹⁶ Julia van Tuijl,¹⁷ Issam Boukrab,¹⁷ Hans Kortman,¹⁷ Vincent Costalat,¹⁸ Caroline Arquizan,¹⁸ Robin Lemmens,¹⁹ Jelle Demeestere,¹⁹ Philippe Desfontaines,²⁰ Denis Brisbois,²⁰ Frédéric Clarençon,²¹ Yves Samson.²¹ Local trial collaborators: Executive and writing committee Yvo Roos,¹ Charles Majoie,¹ Adriaan van Es,² Wim van Zwam,⁴ Jelis Boiten,⁷ Geert Lycklama à Nijeholt,⁷ Lonneke Yo,⁶ Koos Keizer,⁶ Jonathan Coutinho,¹ Bart Emmer,¹ Kilian Treurniet,¹ Natalie LeCouffe,¹ Manon Kappelhof.¹ Data Safety Monitoring Board: Martin Brown²² – Chair, Phil White,²³ John Gregson.²⁴ Independent trial statistician: Daan Nieboer.² CONTRAST clinical trial collaborators: Research leaders: Diederik Dippel,² Charles Majoie.¹ Consortium coordinator: Rick van Nuland.³ Imaging assessment committee: Charles Majoie¹ – Chair (Amsterdam Medical Center, location AMC); Aad van der Lugt² – Chair, Wim van Zwam,⁴ Linda Jacobi,⁴ René van den Berg,¹ Ludo Beenen,¹ Bart Emmer,¹ Adriaan van Es,² Pieter-Jan van Doormaal,² Geert Lycklama,⁷ Ido van den Wijngaard,⁷ Albert Yoo,²⁵ Lonneke Yo,⁶ Jasper Martens,⁸ Bas Hammer,¹¹ Stefan Roosendaal,² Anton Meijer,¹⁰ Menno Krietemeijer,⁶ Reinoud Bokkers,¹⁶ Anouk van der Hoorn,¹⁶ Dick Gerrits.¹³ Adverse event committee: Robert van Oostenbrugge⁴ – Chair, Bart Emmer,² Jonathan Coutinho,¹ Ben Jansen.¹⁷ Outcome assessment committee: Yvo Roos¹ – Chair, Sanne Manschot,⁷ Diederik Dippel,² Henk Kerkhof,¹⁵ Ido van den Wijngaard,⁷ Jonathan Coutinho,¹ Peter Koudstaal,¹ Koos Keizer.⁶ Data management group: Hester Lingsma,² Diederik Dippel,² Vicky Chalos,² Olvert Berkhemer.² Imaging data management: Aad van der Lugt,² Charles Majoie,¹ Adriaan Versteeg,² Lennard Wolff,² Jiahang Su,² Manon Tolhuisen,¹ Henk van Voorst.¹ Biomaterials and translational group: Hugo ten Cate,⁴ Moniek de Maat,² Samantha Donse-Donkel,² Heleen van Beusekom,² Aladdin Taha.² Local collaborators: Vicky Chalos,² Kilian Treurniet,¹ Sophie van den Berg,¹ Natalie LeCouffe,¹ Rob van de Graaf,² Robert-Jan Goldhoorn,⁴ Aladdin Taha,² Samantha Donse-Donkel,² Wouter Hinsenveld,⁴ Anne Pirson,⁴ Lotte Sondag,¹⁰ Manon Kappelhof,¹ Rik Reinink,⁵ Manon Tolhuisen,¹ Josje Brouwer,¹ Lennard Wolff,² Sabine Collette,¹⁶ Wouter van der Steen.² Research nurses: Rita Sprengers,¹ Martin Sterrenberg,² Naziha El Ghannouti,² Sabrina Verheesen,⁴ Wilma Pellikaan,⁹ Kitty Blauwendraat,⁹ Yvonne Drabbe,¹¹ Joke de Meris,⁷ Michelle Simons,⁸ Hester Bongenaar,⁶ Anja van Loon,¹⁴ Eva Ponjee,¹² Rieke Eilander,¹² Suze Kooij,¹⁵, Marieke de Jong,¹⁶ Esther Santegoets,¹⁷ Suze Roodenburg,¹⁵ Ayla van Ahee,^1,5 Marinette Moynier,¹⁸ Annemie Devroye,¹⁹ Evelyn Marcis,¹⁹ Ingrid Iezzi,²⁰ Annie David,²⁰ Atika Talbi.²¹ Study monitors: Leontien Heiligers,² Yvonne Martens.²

  Affiliations:¹Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam the Netherlands; ²Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ³Lygature, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ⁴Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; ⁵University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ⁶Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; ⁷Haaglanden Medical Center, the Hague, the Netherlands; ⁸Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands; ⁹St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; ¹⁰Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; ¹¹HagaZiekenhuis, the Hague, the Netherlands; ¹²Isala Klinieken, Zwolle, the Netherlands; ¹³Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands; ¹⁴Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands; ¹⁵Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; ¹⁶University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; ¹⁷Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; ¹⁸Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; ¹⁹Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; ²⁰Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liège, Belgium; ²¹Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; ²²National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; ²³Institute of Neuroscience and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle, UK; ²⁴London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; ²⁵Texas Stroke Institute, Plano, Texas, USA.

• Contributors All authors contributed to the design of the work and the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data. LAR drafted the manuscript, all other authors made critical revisions and substantial contributions and approved the final manuscript. All authors agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the manuscript are appropriately investigated and resolved. Guarantors: LAR and JMC.

• Funding The MR CLEAN-NO IV trial was funded through the CONTRAST consortium, which acknowledges the support from the Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative, an initiative of the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON2015-01: CONTRAST), and from the Brain Foundation Netherlands (HA2015.01.06). The collaboration project is additionally financed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs by means of the PPP Allowance made available by the Top Sector Life Sciences & Health to stimulate public-private partnerships (LSHM17016). This work was funded in part through unrestricted funding by Stryker, Medtronic and Cerenovus. The funding sources were not involved in study design, monitoring, data collection, statistical analyses, interpretation of results, or manuscript writing.

• Competing interests WHvZ reports speaker fees from Cerenovus, Stryker European Operations BV and NicoLab, paid to institution. DWJD reports grants for research from the Dutch Heart Foundation, Brain Foundation Netherlands, The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, Health Holland Top Sector Life Sciences & Health, and unrestricted grants from Penumbra, Stryker European Operations BV, Medtronic, Thrombolytic Science and Cerenovus, all paid to institution. YBWEMR is a minor shareholder of Nico.lab. JMC received unrelated research support from The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Dr C J Vaillant Foundation, Bayer, Boehringer, Portola. All fees were paid to his employer. CBLMM reports grants from TWIN Foundation, related to MR CLEAN Registry, paid to institution, and unrelated grants from CVON/Dutch Heart Foundation, European Commission, Dutch Health Evaluation Program, Stryker (all paid to institution), shareholder Nico-lab. BJE reports grants from Health Holland Top Sector Life Sciences & Health as well as from the Leading the Change Program (The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development), both paid to institution. NLC reports an honorarium for a short presentation at the American Academy of Neurology 2022. The other authors report no conflicts.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

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