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Original research
Surveillance imaging after intracranial stent implantation: non-invasive imaging compared with digital subtraction angiography
  1. Behrad Golshani1,
  2. Marc A Lazzaro2,
  3. Flavius Raslau3,
  4. Ziad Darkhabani2,
  5. Dhiraj Baruah3,
  6. Daniel Eastwood4,
  7. Brian-Fred Fitzsimmons2,3,5,
  8. Osama O Zaidat2,3,5
  1. 1Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
  2. 2Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
  3. 3Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
  4. 4Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
  5. 5Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr O Zaidat, Department of Neurology, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; szaidat{at}mcw.edu

Abstract

Background Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard imaging for detection of in-stent restenosis (ISR) but there is limited literature on optimal non-invasive surveillance imaging. In this study, the ability of CT angiography (CTA) and MR angiography (MRA) compared with DSA in recognizing ISR was assessed.

Methods A single center database of patients treated with stent implantation for ICAD was accessed. All patients who underwent follow-up imaging with DSA paired with either MRA or CTA within 30 days were included. Two angiography readers and two non-invasive imaging readers measured restenosis with a submillimeter digital caliper. ISR was categorized as: none/minimal, mild (<50%), moderate (≥50–70%) or severe (≥70%). Analysis was performed with weighted κ statistics.

Results 17 cases of individual stents that underwent surveillance imaging with paired DSA and CTA and five stents with paired DSA and MRA were identified. Of those undergoing DSA and CTA, inter-reader agreement produced κ=0.68 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.95) for DSA and κ=0.75 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.95) for CTA. Agreement across CTA and DSA was κ=0.36 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.52). Of those undergoing DSA and MRA, inter-reader agreement produced κ=0.71 (95% CI 0.27 to 1.00) for DSA and κ=1.00 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.00) for MRA. Agreement across MRA and DSA was κ=0.34 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.51).

Conclusions Good inter-reader agreement exists within DSA, CTA and MRA. However, when comparing non-invasive imaging (CTA and MRA) with DSA, only fair agreement exists. These data suggest that CTA and MRA are not comparable to DSA for evaluation of ISR.

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Footnotes

  • Competing interests None.

  • Ethics approval Ethics approval was provided by the institutional review board of the Medical College of Wisconsin.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.