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O-004 the first pass effect: a new measure for stroke thrombectomy devices
  1. O Zaidat1,
  2. A Castonguay1,
  3. R Gupta2,
  4. C Sun2,
  5. C Martin3,
  6. W Holloway3,
  7. N Mueller-Kronast4,
  8. J English5,
  9. I Linfante6,
  10. G Dabus6,
  11. T Malisch7,
  12. F Marden7,
  13. H Bozorgchami8,
  14. A Xavier9,
  15. A Rai10,
  16. M Froehler11,
  17. A Badruddin12,
  18. T Nguyen13,
  19. M Taqi14,
  20. M Abraham15,
  21. V Janardhan16,
  22. H Shaltoni17,
  23. R Novakovic18,
  24. A Yoo19,
  25. A Abou-Chebl20,
  26. P Chen21,
  27. G Britz22,
  28. R Kaushal23,
  29. A Nanda24,
  30. R Nogueira2
  1. 1Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
  2. 2Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
  3. 3Saint Luke's Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
  4. 4Delray Medical Center, Delray Beach, FL, USA
  5. 5California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
  6. 6Baptist Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, FL, USA
  7. 7Alexian Brothers Medical Center, Elk Grove Village, IL, USA
  8. 8Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
  9. 9Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
  10. 10West Virginia University Hospital, Morgantown, WV, USA
  11. 11Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
  12. 12Provena Saint Joseph Medical Center, Joliet, IL, USA
  13. 13Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
  14. 14Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, CA, USA
  15. 15University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
  16. 16Texas Stroke Institute, Plano, TX, USA
  17. 17University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
  18. 18University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
  19. 19Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
  20. 20University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
  21. 21University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
  22. 22Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA
  23. 23Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
  24. 24University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

Abstract

Background Advances in acute ischemic stroke mechanical thrombectomy devices have led to increased expectations of their safety and efficacy results.

Objective To describe a new measure for the newer generation stroke thrombectomy devices, the First Pass Effect (FPE), defined as achieving thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia (TICI) score of 3 from the first pass, without the use of rescue therapy. In addition, a second objective was to assess if achieving TICI2b only with FP (FPE-TICI2b only) yielded similar results as FPE-TICI3 or non-FPE-TICI3 or non-FPE-TICI2b. The influence of FPE on clinical outcome, and its frequency and predictors was evaluated in the North American Solitaire Acute stroke (NASA) registry.

Methods The FPE group was identified from the NASA multicenter registry database. Baseline features and clinical outcomeswere compared between the FPE group and the rest of the cohort. Subsequently, two multivariate analyzes were performed to identify if FPE is an independent predictor of clinical outcome and to identify the predictors of FPE. Furthermore, we assessed the difference between FPE and achieving other revascularization grades such as non-FPE-TICI3, FPE-TICI2b, and non-FPE-TICI2b scores. Clinical outcomes were mRS0–2 at 90 days, NIH stroke severity scale, mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH).

Results A total of 354 patients from 24 US centers were included in the NASA registry. The FPE was achieved in 89/354 (25.1%). Baseline demographics were comparable between FPE and the rest of the cohort, except that the FPE population had less octogenarians (34.6% vs. 65.4%), more woman (60.7% vs. 47.2%), and more Caucasians (83% vs. 71.2%). Baseline NIHSS and time from onset to groin puncture did not differ among the two groups. Angiographic features demonstrated more MCA occlusion (64% vs. 52.7%) and less ICA occlusion (10.1% vs. 27.7%) in the FPE group. Technical factors associated with FPE were limited to BGC use (64.8% vs. 36.8%), with no difference with use of IV-tPA, IA-tPA, or General Anesthesia. Multivariate analysis demonstrated use of BGC, no ICA occlusion, MCA occlusion, female gender, and white race as independent  predictors of FPE. Clinical outcome measured with mRS 0–2 at 90 days was seen in 61.3%, 52.4%, 44.7%, and 39.1% with FPE-TICI3, FPE-TICI 2b, non-FPE-TICI3, and non-FPE-TICI2b, respectively. sICH was seen less frequently in FPE (5.6%,11.6%, 9.6%, and 12.9% in FPE-TICI3, FPE-TICI2b, non-FPE-TICI3,and non-FPE-TICI2b, respectively). Ninety days mortality was 16.3%, 31.0%, 27.7%, and 29.7% with FPE-TICI3, FPE-TICI2b, non-FPE-TICI3, and non-FPE-TICI2b, respectively.

Conclusions The First Pass Effect was seen in 25.1% of NASA post-marketing registry patients and is the most powerful predictor of clinical outcome with best safety results. FPE is more commonly seen in white patients, MCA occlusion, and balloon guide catheter use; however, ICA terminus occlusion seems to be resistant to FPE. The FPE may also be related to gender, race, and age. Further research is needed to better understand the FPE and to guide future technical advances.

Disclosures O. Zaidat: 1; C; Covidien, Stryker. 2; C; Covidien, Stryker. A. Castonguay: None. R. Gupta: None. C. Sun: None. C. Martin: None. W. Holloway: None. N. Mueller-Kronast: None. J. English: None. I. Linfante: None. G. Dabus: None. T. Malisch: None. F. Marden: None. H. Bozorgchami: None. A. Xavier: None. A. Rai: None. M. Froehler: None. A. Badruddin: None. T. Nguyen: None. M. Taqi: None. M. Abraham: None. V. Janardhan: None. H. Shaltoni: None. R. Novakovic: None. A. Yoo: None. A. Abou-Chebl: None. P. Chen: None. G. Britz: None. R. Kaushal: None. A. Nanda: None. R. Nogueira: None.

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