TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal cascade of inflammatory cytokines and cell-type populations in monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)-mediated aneurysm healing JF - Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery JO - J NeuroIntervent Surg SP - 301 LP - 305 DO - 10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013063 VL - 10 IS - 3 AU - Brian L Hoh AU - Hanain Z Fazal AU - Siham Hourani AU - Mengchen Li AU - Li Lin AU - Koji Hosaka Y1 - 2018/03/01 UR - http://jnis.bmj.com/content/10/3/301.abstract N2 - Background We have previously shown that monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) promotes aneurysm healing.Objective To determine the temporal cascade and durability of aneurysm healing.Methods Murine carotid aneurysms were treated with MCP-1-releasing or poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-only coils. Aneurysm healing was assessed by quantitative measurements of intraluminal tissue ingrowth on 5 μm sections by blinded observers.Results Aneurysm healing occurred in stages characteristic of normal wound healing. The 1st stage (day 3) was characterized by a spike in neutrophils and T cells. The 2nd stage (week 1) was characterized by an influx of macrophages and CD45+ cells significantly greater with MCP-1 than with PLGA (p<0.05). The third stage (week 2–3) was characterized by proliferation of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts (greater with MCP-1 than with PLGA, p<0.05). The fourth stage (3–6 months) was characterized by leveling off of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. M1 macrophages were greater at week 1, whereas M2 macrophages were greater at weeks 2 and 3 with MCP-1 than with PLGA. Interleukin 6 was present early and increased through week 2 (p<0.05 compared with PLGA) then decreased and leveled off through 6 months. Tumour necrosis factor α was present early and remained constant through 6 months. MCP-1 and PLGA treatment had similar rates of tissue ingrowth at early time points, but MCP-1 had a significantly greater tissue ingrowth at week 3 (p<0.05), which persisted for 6 months.Conclusions The sequential cascade is consistent with an inflammatory model of injury, repair, and remodeling. ER -