TY - JOUR T1 - An in vitro model for Extracellular DNA Traps (ETs)-rich Human Thrombus Analogs JF - Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery JO - J NeuroIntervent Surg DO - 10.1136/neurintsurg-2022-018790 SP - neurintsurg-2022-018790 AU - Yang Liu AU - Daying Dai AU - Mehdi Abbasi AU - Oana Madalina Mereuta AU - Scott I Gamb AU - Ramanathan Kadirvel AU - David F Kallmes AU - Waleed Brinjikji Y1 - 2022/04/27 UR - http://jnis.bmj.com/content/early/2022/04/27/neurintsurg-2022-018790.abstract N2 - Background Extracellular DNA traps (ETs) have important implications in both thrombosis and thrombolysis. Thus, developing benchtop thrombus analogs that recapitulate clinical ETs is potentially of great value for preclinical development and testing of thrombolytic agents and thrombectomy devices. In this study, we aimed to develop ETs-rich thrombus analogs for preclinical testing.Methods Red blood cell (RBC)-rich, fibrin-rich, and platelet-rich thrombus analogs were created using human whole blood, platelet-poor plasma, and platelet-rich plasma obtained from the blood bank following institutional approval. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (9.9×106 cells/mL) isolated from human whole blood and lipopolysaccharide (1 µg/mL) were added to induce ETs. Histochemical, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to identify thrombus components and ETs. Scanning electronic microscopy was used to investigate the ultrastructure of the thrombus analogs. The thrombus compositions, morphologic features of ETs and citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) expression were compared with those of thrombi retrieved from patients by thrombectomy.Results ETs-rich thrombus analogs were more compacted th-an the ETs-poor thrombus analogs. ETs were identified in both ETs-rich thrombus analogs and patient thrombi showing morphologic features including nuclear lobulation, nuclear swelling, diffused chromatin within cytoplasm, DNA/chromatin extending intracellularly and extracellularly, and extracellular chromatin patches and bundles. In the ETs-poor thrombus analogs, ETs were not observed and H3Cit expression was absent to minimal. The compositions and H3Cit expression in the ETs-rich thrombus analogs fell in the range of patient thrombi.Conclusions ETs-rich thrombus analogs can be consistently created in vitro and may benefit the preclinical development and testing of new thrombolytic agents and thrombectomy devices.All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplemental information. ER -