Case | Sex | Age | Presentation | AVM descrip-tion | Spetzler–Martin grade | Number of embolizations | Proximal feeder emboliza-tion | Endovascular procedure complications | Postprocedure adverse events | Modified Rankin scale | Clinical follow-up results and date | Angiographic follow-up results and date |
1 | M | 46 | Seizures | L mixed pial-dural, parieto-occipital | S2-E0-D1=Grade 3 | 4 | Yes | Angiographic extravasation immediately controlled with proximal NBCA glue. | None | 1 | Decreased seizures, improved memory at 5.5 months | Recurrence at 5.5 months, then excised |
2 | M | 54 | Seizures | L temporal | S1-E1-D1=Grade 3 | 1 | No | None | None | 1 | No change at 7 months | Complete occlusion at 5 months |
3 | F | 56 | Hemorrhage, aphasia, seizures | L temporal | S1-E1-D0=Grade 2 | 3 | No | None | None | 2 | No change at 4 | Complete occlusion at 31 months |
4 | M | 50 | Hemorrhage, seizures | L frontal | S1-E1-D0=Grade 2 | 2 | Yes | None | None | 0 | No change at 11 months | Recurrence at 6 months, then excised |
5 | M | 61 | Hemorrhage, hemiparesis | L mixed pial-dural, parietal-occipital | S2-E1-D1=Grade 4 | 5 | No | None | None | 2 | No change at 9 months | Complete occlusion at 28 months |
6 | M | 52 | Hemorrhage | Deep, midline draining into Vein of Galen | S1-E1-D1=Grade 3 | 2 | No | None | Stevens-Johnson syndrome secondary to Dilantin | 2 | Dramatic improvement at 4 months | None |
7 | F | 68 | Hemorrhage, hemiplegia | R frontal | S1-E1-D0=Grade 2 | 1 | No | None | Respiratory distress, DVT, UTI+ | 1 | No change at 1 month | Complete occlusion at 1 month |
8 | F | 17 | Hemorrhage | R parietal | S1-E1-D0=Grade 2 | 1 | No | None | None | 0 | No change at 4.5 months | None |
9 | F | 39 | Head injury, asymptomatic | R frontal | S1-E1-D0=Grade 2 | 2 | No | None | None | 0 | No change at 3 months | Confirmed occlusion at excision & intraop angio at 2 months |
10 | M | 29 | Seizures | R frontal | S1-E0-D0=Grade 1 | 1 | No | None | None | 0 | No change at 17 months | Confirmed occlusion at excision & intraop angio at 1 month |
11 | F | 9 | Seizures | Deep, midline draining into Vein of Galen | S2-E1-D1=Grade 4 | 8 | No | None | None | 0 | No change at 66 months | Complete occlusion at 66 months |
12 | M | 68 | Hemorrhage | R cerebellum | S1-E1-D0=Grade 2 | 1 | No | None | None | None | Complete occlusion at 2 days | |
13 | M | 37 | Headaches | R frontal | S1-E1-D0=Grade 2 | 2 | No | None | None | 0 | No change at 31 months | Complete occlusion at 31 months |
14 | F | 73 | Intraventricular hemorrhage | L cerebellum | S1-E1-D0=Grade 2 | 1 | No | None | None | 1 | Dramatic improvement at 4 months | Complete occlusion at 4 months |
15 | F | 45 | Headaches, seizures | R mixed pial-dural posterior frontal | S1-E1-D0=Grade 2 | 1* | No | None | None | 1 | No change at 4 months | None |
16 | M | 35 | Seizures, hemiparesis | R fronto-parietal | S1-E1-D0=Grade 2 | 2 | No | None | None | 1 | No change 37 months | Complete occlusion at 37 months |
17 | M | 27 | Seizures | L temporal | S1-E1-D1=Grade 3 | 3 | No | None | None | 0 | No change at 3 months | Completely excised at 1.5 months |
18 | M | 36 | Hemorrhage | R temporal | S2-E1-D1=Grade 4 | 5 | No | None | Intraventricular hemorrhage | 1 | Dramatic improvement at 16 months | Complete occlusion at 16 months |
↵* Radiosurgery in 1988, 1999; embolizations in 1994, 1998, 1999.
DVT, deep venous thrombosis; Spetzler–Martin grading: S, size, E, eloquence, D, venous drainage; UTI, urinary tract infection.