Clinical features of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas
| Clinical group | Manifestation |
| Benign | Pulsatile tinnitus |
| Orbital symptoms | |
| Aggressive | Intracranial hemorrhage |
| Seizures | |
| Altered mental status | |
| Hydrocephalus | |
| Dementia | |
| Cranial nerve palsies | |
| Loss of motor functions |