Table 2

Summary of 16 patients with complications after endovascular treatment

Patient No	Location	High flow	Cortical vein drainage	Adjunctive technique	Onyx Approach	Complications	Clinical Outcome	Anatomic outcome
1	SS	Yes	No	Arterial BAT	Arterial	Asymptomatic Onyx migration into the jugular vein	Cure	Complete
2	SSS	No	No	Venous BAT	Arterial	Asymptomatic Onyx migration into the SSS	Improved	Near-complete
3	TS	Yes	No	Venous BAT	Venous	Symptomatic Onyx migration into the lung resulting in pulmonary embolism; femoral artery thrombosis requiring surgical thrombectomy	Cure	Complete
4	TS	Yes	Yes	Arterial coiling	Arterial	Onyx refluxed into the cavernous ICA through the extracranial–intracranial anastomosis	Death; withdraw of care due to poor prognosis	Partial
5	Tentorium	Yes	Yes	Venous coiling	Arterial	New cranial nerve VI palsy	Improved	Complete
6	Clivus	Yes	Yes	Venous coiling	Arterial	New cranial nerve X and XI palsies; worse cranial nerve III palsy	Cure	Complete
7	Hypoglossal canal	Yes	No	Venous coiling	Venous	New cranial nerve XII palsy	Cure	Near complete
8	TS	Yes	Yes	Arterial coiling	Arterial	Microcatheter fracture and retention in the ECA	Cure	Complete
9	Multiple	Yes	Yes	Venous coiling	Venous	Microcatheter trap in the Onyx cast and retention	Death; withdraw of care due to poor prognosis	Partial
10	Torcular herophili	Yes	Yes	Venous coiling	Venous	Microcatheter trap in the Onyx cast and retention	Cure	Partial
11	TS	Yes	No	Venous coiling	Venous	Cerebellar hematoma treated by surgical evacuation	Improved	Complete
12	CS	No	Yes	Venous coiling	Venous	Thromboembolic occlusion in the MCA branch recanalized by intra-arterial thrombolysis	Cure	Complete
13	Sphenoidal region	Yes	No	Venous coiling	Venous	Asymptomatic stretched coil retention	Cure	Complete
14	Tentorium	Yes	Yes	No	Arterial	Microcatheter fracture and retention in the ECA	Cure	Complete
15	Multiple	Yes	Yes	No	Arterial	Microcatheter fracture in the ECA successfully retrieved using Merci device	Cure	Near complete
16	Torcular herophili	Yes	Yes	No	Arterial	Vessel dissection in the ECA during catheterization controlled with Onyx	Cure	Complete

BAT, balloon assisted technique; CS, cavernous sinus.; ECA, external carotid artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; SS, sigmoid sinus; SSS, superior sagittal sinus; TS, transverse sigmoid sinus.