Procedural characteristics
| Characteristics | Type I (n=28) | Type II–III (n=29) | Type IV (n=26) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aortic arch type, n | 24 | 22 | 21 | 0.635 |
| I | 15 (63) | 15 (68) | 12 (57) | |
| II | 4 (17) | 4 (18) | 7 (33) | |
| III | 5 (21) | 3 (14) | 2 (10) | |
| Cervical ICA tortuosity, n | ||||
| Yes | 11 (39) | 14 (48) | 14 (54) | 0.578 |
| No | 17 (61) | 15 (52) | 12 (46) | |
| Genu tortuosity, mean±SEM | ||||
| AP: A+P angles (degrees) | 122.6±13.2 | 58.40±18.8 | 31.97±15.3 | <0.0001 |
| D: A-P distance (mm) | 1 | 7.1±0.9 | 10.8±1.7 | <0.0001 |
| D/AP (mm) | 0.008±0.0008 | 0.141±0.07 | 0.482±0.365 | <0.0001 |
| Genu tortuosity, range | ||||
| AP: A+P angles (degrees) | 104.3–147.22 | 17.81–96.07 | 7.43–58.32 | |
| D: A-P distance (mm) | 1 | 5.6–8.9 | 7.6–14.3 | |
| D/AP (mm) | 0.006–0.0096 | 0.071–0.376 | 0.189–1.346 | |
| Fluoroscopy time (min), | ||||
| mean±SEM | 29.8±8.4 | 44.9±34.1 | 52.6±17.2 | <0.005 |
| Total cases with PED complexity | 1 (4) | 8 (28) | 9 (35) | |
| PED corked cases, n | 1 (4) | 5 (17) | 7 (27) | |
| Aborted cases, n | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 1 (4) | <0.005 |
| Balloon post-process, n | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 2 (8) | |
Results are shown as number (%) unless stated otherwise.
AP, sum of the angles of the anterior (A) and posterior (P) genus; D, height difference of the anterior and posterior genus; ICA, internal carotid artery; PED, Pipeline embolization device.