Relationship between collateral grades and baseline variables and outcomes
| Subject characteristics | Collateral grade 0–1 (n=32) | Collateral grade 2 (n=48) | Collateral grade 3 (n=35) | Collateral grade 4 (n=4) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 67.3±11.3 (32) | 66.8±11.5 (48) | 67.8±13.1 (35) | 71.5±14.5 (4) | 0.5231 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [66.0] (46.0, 85.0) | [69.5] (42.0, 88.0) | [70.0] (31.0, 85.0) | [74.0] (53.0, 85.0) | |
| Female gender | 31.3% (10/32) | 64.6% (31/48) | 51.4% (18/35) | 50.0% (2/4) | 0.3242 |
| Body mass index | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 30.3±6.9 (24) | 29.3±7.4 (40) | 30.4±8.1 (29) | 26.6±3.6 (3) | 0.9578 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [30.0] (20.1, 47.2) | [28.9] (16.0, 60.8) | [27.1] (17.8, 52.6) | [27.0] (22.8, 30.0) | |
| Pre-stroke mRS 0 | 63.0% (17/27) | 63.4% (26/41) | 85.7% (24/28) | 75.0% (3/4) | 0.0429 |
| Intravenous tPA delivered and failed | 28.1% (9/32) | 50.0% (24/48) | 51.4% (18/35) | 66.7% (2/3) | 0.0647 |
| Baseline risk factors | |||||
| Myocardial disease | 28.1% (9/32) | 37.5% (18/48) | 37.1% (13/35) | 0.0% (0/4) | 0.8108 |
| Systemic hypertension | 62.5% (20/32) | 58.3% (28/48) | 77.1% (27/35) | 75.0% (3/4) | 0.2589 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 34.4% (11/32) | 25.0% (12/48) | 17.1% (6/35) | 75.0% (3/4) | 0.5209 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 43.8% (14/32) | 45.8% (22/48) | 62.9% (22/35) | 75.0% (3/4) | 0.0383 |
| Current or previous smoker | 43.8% (14/32) | 47.9% (23/48) | 31.4% (11/35) | 0.0% (0/4) | 0.0415 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 56.3% (18/32) | 43.8% (21/48) | 54.3% (19/35) | 25.0% (1/4) | 0.3540 |
| Previous ischemic stroke | 9.4% (3/32) | 25.0% (12/48) | 2.9% (1/35) | 0.0% (0/4) | 0.3265 |
| NIHSS pre-procedure | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 18.9±4.9 (32) | 17.0±4.8 (48) | 17.3±4.3 (35) | 15.5±4.5 (4) | 0.0664 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [19.0] (8.0, 27.0) | [17.0] (8.0, 28.0) | [18.0] (8.0, 26.0) | [17.0] (9.0, 19.0) | |
| Glucose at baseline | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 153.7±65.2 (32) | 139.8±74.8 (47) | 124.1±33.4 (35) | 99.0±10.4 (4) | 0.0134 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [137.5] (86.0, 354.0) | [121.0] (87.0, 587.0) | [113.0] (84.0, 239.0) | [102.5] (84.0, 107.0) | |
| SBP at baseline | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 148.8±24.5 (32) | 136.7±23.1 (48) | 137.0±23.5 (35) | 137.8±9.9 (4) | 0.0384 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [146.0] (108.0, 196.0) | [135.0] (98.0, 182.0) | [135.0] (72.0, 194.0) | [138.0] (126.0, 149.0) | |
| DBP at baseline | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 80.7±14.2 (32) | 75.8±19.4 (48) | 74.8±14.4 (35) | 72.3±13.3 (4) | 0.1279 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [80.5] (51.0, 110.0) | [72.0] (32.0, 130.0) | [73.0] (45.0, 103.0) | [77.0] (53.0, 82.0) | |
| ASPECTS at baseline | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 7.8±1.8 (32) | 8.8±1.1 (48) | 8.9±1.2 (35) | 9.0±0.8 (4) | 0.0002 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [8.0] (3.0, 10.0) | [9.0] (5.0, 10.0) | [9.0] (7.0, 10.0) | [9.0] (8.0, 10.0) | |
| ASPECTS at 24 h | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 1.4±1.6 (32) | 5.9±2.7 (48) | 7.5±2.4 (34) | 6.8±1.9 (4) | 0.0000 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [0.5] (0.0, 5.0) | [6.0] (0.0, 10.0) | [8.0] (0.0, 10.0) | [7.5] (4.0, 8.0) | |
| Time to presentation (min) | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 232.0±84.0 (31) | 164.1±98.7 (48) | 155.2±104.0 (33) | 53.7±16.1 (3) | 0.0003 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [230.0] (24.0, 382.0) | [160.0] (0.0, 440.0) | [135.0] (23.0, 385.0) | [47.0] (42.0, 72.0) | |
| Time to imaging (min) | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 306.7±76.3 (31) | 284.0±78.4 (47) | 279.4±89.0 (33) | 208.0±69.4 (4) | 0.0263 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [301.0] (144.0, 431.0) | [260.0] (134.0, 472.0) | [265.0] (123.0, 465.0) | [185.5] (155.0, 306.0) | |
| Time to treatment (min) | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 332.8±83.5 (27) | 305.8±80.0 (41) | 291.5±85.6 (34) | 217.0±69.6 (4) | 0.0070 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [326.0] (154.0, 459.0) | [283.0] (169.0, 478.0) | [287.0] (137.0, 476.0) | [194.0] (165.0, 315.0) | |
| Time to recanalization or end of procedure (min) | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 62.7±41.1 (26) | 55.0±41.3 (41) | 41.9±27.2 (33) | 65.0±41.9 (4) | 0.1126 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [54.0] (8.0, 178.0) | [43.0] (7.0, 196.0) | [36.0] (5.0, 135.0) | [62.5] (28.0, 107.0) | |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 34.4% (11/32) | 35.4% (17/48) | 17.1% (6/35) | 0.0% (0/4) | 0.1379 |
| NIHSS at day 7 or discharge | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 23.3±12.0 (27) | 15.0±11.1 (47) | 7.8±10.2 (35) | 5.8±5.3 (4) | 0.0000 |
| [Median] (min, max) | [20.0] (6.0, 42.0) | [15.0] (1.0, 42.0) | [4.0] (0.0, 42.0) | [5.5] (0.0, 12.0) | |
| Good clinical outcome (mRS 0–2) | 10.0% (3/30) | 26.8% (11/41) | 56.3% (18/32) | 66.7% (2/3) | 0.0001 |
| TIMI success (2 or 3) | 37.9% (11/29) | 52.3% (23/44) | 68.6% (24/35) | 25.0% (1/4) | 0.1033 |
| TICI success (2b or 3) | 41.4% (12/29) | 65.9% (29/44) | 77.1% (27/35) | 50.0% (2/4) | 0.0187 |
| mRS at day 90 | |||||
| mRS 0 | 0.0% (0/30) | 4.9% (2/41) | 25.0% (8/32) | 33.3% (1/3) | 0.0000 |
| mRS 1 | 3.3% (1/30) | 7.3% (3/41) | 21.9% (7/32) | 33.3% (1/3) | |
| mRS 2 | 6.7% (2/30) | 14.6% (6/41) | 9.4% (3/32) | 0.0% (0/3) | |
| mRS 3 | 6.7% (2/30) | 24.4% (10/41) | 12.5% (4/32) | 0.0% (0/3) | |
| mRS 4 | 23.3% (7/30) | 19.5% (8/41) | 21.9% (7/32) | 33.3% (1/3) | |
| mRS 5 | 3.3% (1/30) | 4.9% (2/41) | 0.0% (0/32) | 0.0% (0/3) | |
| mRS 6 | 56.7% (17/30) | 24.4% (10/41) | 9.4% (3/32) | 0.0% (0/3) | |
| TIMI score after device | |||||
| TIMI 0 | 51.7% (15/29) | 34.1% (15/44) | 25.7% (9/35) | 75.0% (3/4) | 0.0771 |
| TIMI 1 | 10.3% (3/29) | 13.6% (6/44) | 5.7% (2/35) | 0.0% (0/4) | |
| TIMI 2 | 17.2% (5/29) | 13.6% (6/44) | 14.3% (5/35) | 0.0% (0/4) | |
| TIMI 3 | 20.7% (6/29) | 38.6% (17/44) | 54.3% (19/35) | 25.0% (1/4) | |
| TICI score after device | |||||
| TICI 0 | 34.5% (10/29) | 13.6% (6/44) | 14.3% (5/35) | 50.0% (2/4) | 0.0534 |
| TICI 1 | 10.3% (3/29) | 13.6% (6/44) | 5.7% (2/35) | 0.0% (0/4) | |
| TICI 2a | 13.8% (4/29) | 6.8% (3/44) | 2.9% (1/35) | 0.0% (0/4) | |
| TICI 2b | 20.7% (6/29) | 25.0% (11/44) | 22.9% (8/35) | 25.0% (1/4) | |
| TICI 3 | 20.7% (6/29) | 40.9% (18/44) | 54.3% (19/35) | 25.0% (1/4) | |
ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, NIH Stroke Scale; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TICI, Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction; TIMI, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.