Clinical and demographic characteristics and unadjusted outcomes
| CeAD and IAT (n=24) | CeAD, No IAT (n=137) | CeAD, IVT alone (n=11) | Non-CeAD mechanism (n=421) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 52 (43–60) | 44 (35–54)† | 52 (37–59) | 70 (61–79)‡ |
| Female sex | 25.0 (6) | 41.6 (57)* | 36.4 (4) | 54.16 (228)‡ |
| White race | 83.3 (20) | 65.0 (89) | 100.0 (11) | 77.4 (326) |
| Transferred in | 83.3 (20) | 69.3 (95) | 72.7 (8) | 71.7 (302) |
| IV tPA | 45.8 (11) | 8.0 (11)‡ | 100 (11) | 58.4 (246) |
| Initial NIHSS | 13 (12–16) | 3 (1–7)‡ | 10 (7–12)† | 18 (13–22)† |
| Discharge NIHSS | 6 (3–13) | 1 (0–3)‡ | 9 (3–16.5) | 1 (0–3)‡ |
| Change in NIHSS | −9 (−11–1) | 1 (−3–0)† | −4 (−5.5–5) | −10 (−15–5) |
| Discharge mRS | 4 (3–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3.5 (3–4) | 2 (1–3)‡ |
| 90 day mRS 0–2§ | 65.0 (13/20) | 93.0 (93)‡ | 60.0 (3/5) | 53.7 (145/270) |
| Symptomatic ICH | 4.0 (1/25) | 0 (0)* | 0.0 (0/11) | 6.4 (27/421) |
| Inhospital mortality | 16.0 (4/25) | 3.7 (5)† | 9.1 (1/11) | 16.4 (69/421) |
Values are % (n) or median (IQR).
Change in NIHSS: discharge NIHSS—initial NIHSS (negative values indicate improvement).
Pearson χ2 p value versus CeAD and IAT. *<0.15. †<0.05. ‡<0.01. §Defined as mRS 0–2 at 90 days or discharge, or discharge home.
CeAD, cervical artery dissection; IAT, intra-arterial thrombolysis; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; IVT, intravenous thrombolysis; IV tPA, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.