AVM angioarchitecture and characteristics of the procedure
| Patient no | Nidus size (cm)/eloquent location | Arterial feeders/perforator feeders | Venous drainage/no of veins | Aneurysms | Embolization sessions* | Vascular access used for embolization in the final session | Total Onyx volume (mL) | Complementary technique |
| 1 | 0.5/N | MCA/N | SSS/1 | N | 2 | TVA | 0.8 | N |
| 2 | 2.0/Y | ACA/N | SSS/1 | N | 1 | TVA | 0.6 | N |
| 3 | 1.0/N | MCA/N | SSS/1 | Y/ NA | 2 | TVA | 1.0 | DACT |
| 4 | 3.2/Y | ACA/Y | SSS/1 | Y/ NA | 2 | TVA | 1.5 | N |
| 5 | 3.5/N | ACA; MCA; MMA/Y | ICV/1 | N | 3 | TVA | 5.6 | N |
| 6 | 3.0/Y | ACA; MCA/N | ICV, SGS, SSS/3 | N | 2 | TVA | 3.8 | N |
| 7 | 0.6/N | MCA/N | SSS/1 | Y/NA | 2 | TVA | 0.8 | N |
| 8 | 1.5/Y | MCA/N | SGS/1 | N | 1 | TVA | 1.5 | N |
| 9 | 1.8/N | PICA; AICA/N | BV/1 | Y/NA | 1 | TVA | 1.3 | N |
| 10 | 0.4/N | PCA/N | TS/1 | N | 1 | TVA | 0.4 | Venous balloon† |
| 11 | 1.4/Y | PICA; AICA/N | CCV/1 | Y/NA | 2 | TVA+TAA | 1.2 | Venous balloon†/ MPCT |
| 12 | 4.0/Y | MCA/N | SSS, MCV/2 | N | 5 | TVA | 20.0 | Venous balloon† |
*Total number of embolization sessions for each patient, including the transvenous treatment and all other sessions, performed either by our team. The transvenous approach, described in the present cases series, was the final session in all cases, except in case 12 in whom transvenous embolization was performed during the last 3 of 5 embolization sessions.
†Balloon-assisted microcatheter navigation using a Hyperform balloon (Medtronic).5
ACA, anterior cerebral artery; AICA, anterior inferior cerebellar artery; AVM, arteriovenous malformation; CCV, cortical cerebellar vein; DACT, double arterial catheterization technique; ICV, internal cerebral vein; MCA, middle cerebral artery; MCV, middle cerebral vein; MMA, middle meningeal artery; MPCT, modified pressure cooker technique; NA, nidal aneurysm; N, no; PCA, posterior cerebral artery; PICA, posterior inferior cerebellar artery; SGS, sigmoid sinus; SSS, superior sagittal sinus; TAA, transarterial approach; TS, transverse sinus; TVA, tranvenous approach; VG, vein of Galen; Y, yes.