Table 2

Summary of selected Food and Drug Administration approved robotic technology in interventional cardiology and radiology, with potential applications to cerebrovascular and endovascular neurosurgery

Robotic systemManufacturerCardiac or peripheralIntended useClassification
Sensei Robotic SystemHansen MedicalCardiacManipulation of robotically steerable catheters for collecting electrophysiological data within heart atriaMaster–slave
Niobe Magnetic Navigation SystemStereotaxisCardiacNavigation of magnetic device to target sites in heart and coronary vasculatureMaster–slave
Amigo Remote Catheter SystemCatheter RoboticsCardiacManipulation of catheters for stimulating cardiac tissue and recording electrophysiological data in right atrium and ventricleMaster–slave
Magellan Robotic SystemHansen MedicalPeripheralNavigation to targets in peripheral vasculature for placement of therapeutic devicesMaster–slave
CorPath 200 SystemCorindus Vascular RoboticsPeripheralManipulation of guidewires and catheters during percutaneous vascular interventional proceduresMaster–slave