Baseline characteristics and outcomes of medical therapy as compared with intervention through unmatched and matched analyses
| Unmatched analysis | Matched analysis | |||||
| Medical management | Intervention | p Value | Medical management | Intervention | p Value | |
| (n=88) | (n=30) | (n=26) | (n=26) | |||
| Age (years) | 73.0 (59–80.7) | 63.5 (56.5–72.5) | 0.04 * | 68.5 (59-79) | 64 [53-72] | NA |
| Gender (M) | 41 (46.6%) | 15 (50.0%) | 0.83† | 15 (57.7%) | 12 (46.2%) | 0.63 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 63 (71.6%) | 21 (70.0%) | 1.00† | 22 (84.6%) | 18 (69.2%) | 0.34 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 29 (33.0%) | 9 (30.0%) | 0.82† | 10 (38.5%) | 7 (26.9%) | 0.51 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 16 (18.2%) | 10 (33.3%) | 0.12† | 2 (7.7%) | 10 (38.5%) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (11.4%) | 9 (30.0%) | 0.02 † | 6 (23.1%) | 8 (30.8%) | 0.77 |
| Smoking | 32 (36.4%) | 6 (20.0%) | 0.11† | 9 (34.6%) | 4 (15.4%) | 0.18 |
| Baseline mRS | 0.68‡ | 0.21 | ||||
| mRS 0 | 69 (78.4%) | 25 (83.3%) | 18 (69.2%) | 22 (84.6%) | ||
| mRS 1 | 12 (13.6%) | 4 (13.3%) | 6 (23.1%) | 3 (11.5%) | ||
| mRS 2 | 7 (8.0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 2 (7.7%) | 1 (3.8%) | ||
| Baseline NIHSS | 3 (1–4) | 4 (3–5) | 0.002 * | 4 (3-5) | 4 [4-5] | NA |
| Baseline mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 106 (96–113) | 105 (91–130) | 0.78* | 106 (96-110) | 105 [93-117] | 0.89 |
| Last normal to hospital arrival (hours) | 4.9 (2.0–16.7) | 5 (2.9–8.3) | 0.59* | 4.92 (2.25–17.07) | 4.71 (2.32–6.34) | 0.90 |
| ASPECTS | 10 (8–10) | 9 (8–10) | 0.33* | 8 (7-10) | 9 (9-10) | 0.35 |
| Occlusion Site | 0.02 ‡ | 0.34 | ||||
| Intracranial ICA | 17 (19.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 5 (19.2%) | 2 (7.7%) | ||
| MCA M1 | 17 (19.3%) | 11 (36.7%) | 4 (15.4%) | 9 (34.6%) | ||
| MCA M2 | 43 (48.9%) | 9 (30.0%) | 14 (53.8%) | 8 (30.8%) | ||
| ACA | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Basilar | 11 (12.5%) | 7 (23.3%) | 3 (11.5%) | 7 (26.9%) | ||
| CTA collateral score | <0.001 ‡ | 0.13 | ||||
| Grade 0 | 7 (8.0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Grade 1 | 6 (6.8%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Grade 2 | 53 (60.2%) | 2 (16.7%) | 2 (7.7%) | 5 (50%) | ||
| Grade 3 | 21 (23.9%) | 4 (33.3%) | 14 (53.8%) | 2 (20%) | ||
| Grade 4 | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (30.8%) | 3 (30%) | ||
| Intravenous tPA | 8 (9.1%) | 12 (40.0%) | <0.001 † | 8 (30.8%) | 8 (30.8%) | NA |
| Parenchymal hemorrhage | 0 (0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.06† | 0 (0%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0.5 |
| NIHSS at discharge | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–2) | 0.78* | 3 (1-6) | 1 (0–1.5) | 0.04 |
| NIHSS shift | −1 (−2 to 0) | −3 (−4 to –−1) | <0.001 * | −1 (−2 to –1) | −3 (−4.5 to −2) | 0.03 |
| mRS 0–2 at discharge | 48 (54.5%) | 24 (80.0%) | 0.02 | 11 (42.3%) | 20 (76.9%) | 0.03 |
| mRS 0–2 at follow-up (3/6 months) | 64 (72.7%) | 29 (96.7%) | 0.01 | 18 (69.2%) | 24 (93%) | 0.04 |
↵*Mann-–Whitney U test.
†Fisher exact test.
‡Chi-square test.
ACA, anterior cerebral artery; ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; CTA, CT angiography; ICA, intracranial carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.