Factor | Repeat treatment (n=53) | No repeat treatment (n=103) | p Value |
Mean (SD) age, years | 49.4 (9.7) | 53.6 (12.6) | 0.0369 |
Female, n (%) | 42/53 (79.3) | 77/103 (74.8) | 0.533 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 22/32 (68.8) | 55/68 (80.9) | 0.179 |
Smoker, n (%) | 20/31 (64.5) | 50/68 (73.5) | 0.361 |
Hunt–Hess grade, n (%) | 0.395 | ||
1 | 0/52 (0) | 2/101 (2.0) | |
2 | 21/52 (40.4) | 35/101 (34.7) | |
3 | 15/52 (28.9) | 35/101 (34.7) | |
4 | 9/52 (17.3) | 23/101 (22.8) | |
5 | 7/52 (13.5) | 6/101 (5.9) | |
Fisher grade, n (%) | 0.490 | ||
1 | 1/52 (1.9) | 5/102 (4.9) | |
2 | 10/52 (19.2) | 12/102 (11.8) | |
3 | 8/52 (15.4) | 21/102 (20.6) | |
4 | 33/52 (63.5) | 64/102 (62.8) | |
WFNS grade, n (%) | 0.398 | ||
1 | 20/43 (46.5) | 30/83 (36.1) | |
2 | 7/43 (16.3) | 26/83 (31.3) | |
3 | 4/43 (9.3) | 6/83 (7.2) | |
4 | 6/43 (14.0) | 13/83 (15.7) | |
5 | 6/43 (14.0) | 8/83 (9.6) | |
Aneurysm location, n (%) | 0.972* 0.977† | ||
Anterior circulation | 30/53 (56.6) | 58/103 (56.3) | |
Carotid terminus | 8/53 (15.1) | 11/103 (10.7) | |
ACA | 1/53 (1.9) | 2/103 (1.9) | |
MCA | 4/53 (7.6) | 14/103 (13.6) | |
ACOM | 17/53 (32.1) | 31/103 (30.1) | |
Posterior circulation | 23/53 (43.4) | 45/103 (43.7) | |
PCOM | 13/53 (24.5) | 27/103 (26.2) | |
PICA | 3/53 (5.7) | 5/103 (4.9) | |
Basilar artery | 5/53 (9.4) | 8/103 (7.8) | |
PCA | 1/53 (1.9) | 1/103 (1.0) | |
VA | 1/53 (1.9) | 3/103 (2.9) | |
SCA | 0/53 (0) | 1/103 (1.0) | |
Aneurysm treatment modality, n (%) | 0.098 | ||
Microsurgery | 20/53 (37.7) | 48/103 (46.6) | |
Endovascular | 22/53 (41.5) | 46/103 (44.7) | |
Combined | 11/53 (20.8) | 9/103 (8.7) | |
Mean (SD) time from SAH to vasospasm,‡ days | 4.4 (3.0) | 5.4 (2.8) | 0.0341 |
Vasospasm distribution,‡ n (%) | 0.641 | ||
Bilateral | 35/49 (71.4) | 75/100 (75.0) | |
Unilateral | 14/49 (28.6) | 25/100 (25.0) | |
Vasospasm location,‡ n (%) | 0.999 | ||
Anterior circulation | 20/48 (41.7) | 36/87 (41.4) | |
Posterior circulation | 5/48 (10.4) | 9/87 (10.3) | |
Both | 23/48 (47.9) | 42/89 (48.3) | |
Vasospasm severity,‡ n (%) | 0.947 | ||
Mild | 11/49 (22.5) | 20/99 (20.2) | |
IA infusion only | 10/39 (25.6) | 17/59 (28.8) | |
Papaverine | 0/1 (0) | 2/6 (33.3) | |
Verapamil | 10/38 (26.3) | 15/53 (28.3) | |
Angioplasty only | 0/1 (0) | 0/9 (0) | |
Combined | 1/9 (11.1) | 3/31 (9.7) | |
Papaverine | 0/0 (0) | 0/8 (0) | |
Verapamil | 1/9 (11.1) | 3/23 (13) | |
Moderate | 16/49 (32.7) | 34/99 (34.3) | |
IA infusion only | 16/39 (41) | 24/59 (40.7) | |
Papaverine | 1/1 (100) | 0/6 (0) | |
Verapamil | 15/38 (39.5) | 24/53 (45.3) | |
Angioplasty only | 0/1 (0) | 2/9 (22.2) | |
Combined | 0/9 (0) | 8/31 (25.8) | |
Papaverine | 0/0 (0) | 0/8 (0) | |
Verapamil | 0/9 (0) | 8/23 (34.8) | |
Severe | 22/49 (44.9) | 45/99 (45.5) | |
IA infusion only | 13/39 (33.3) | 18/59 (30.5) | |
Papaverine | 0/1 (0) | 4/6 (66.7) | |
Verapamil | 13/38 (34.2) | 14/53 (26.4) | |
Angioplasty only | 1/1 (100) | 7/9 (77.8) | |
Combined | 8/9 (88.9) | 20/31 (64.5) | |
Papaverine | 0/0 (0) | 8/8 (100) | |
Verapamil | 8/9 (88.9) | 12/23 (52.2) | |
Vasospasm type,‡ n (%) | 0.034 | ||
Symptomatic | 13/53 (24.5) | 43/103 (41.8) | |
IA infusion only | 12/13 (92.3) | 25/43 (58.1) | |
Angioplasty only | 0/13 (0) | 3/43 (7) | |
Combined | 1/13 (7.7) | 15/43 (34.9) | |
Radiographic | 40/53 (75.5) | 60/103 (58.3) | |
IA infusion only | 30/40 (75) | 37/60 (61.7) | |
Angioplasty only | 1/40 (2.5) | 7/60 (11.7) | |
Combined | 9/40 (22.5) | 16/60 (26.7) | |
IA infusion agent,‡ n (%) | 0.006 | ||
Papaverine | 1/53 (1.9) | 14/103 (13.6) | |
Verapamil | 51/53 (96.2) | 79/103 (76.7) | |
None | 1/53 (1.9) | 10/103 (9.7) | |
Angioplasty,‡ n (%) | 11/53 (20.8) | 41/103 (39.8) | 0.017 |
Vasospasm treatment,‡ n (%) | 0.041 | ||
IA infusion only | 42/53 (79.3) | 62/103 (60.2) | |
Angioplasty only | 1/53 (1.9) | 10/103 (9.7) | |
Combined | 10/53 (18.9) | 31/103 (30.1) | |
Reperfusion,‡ n (%) | 0.418 | ||
Success | 38/39 (97.4) | 64/70 (91.4) | |
IA infusion only | 29/30 (96.7) | 25/31 (80.7) | |
Papaverine | 1/1 (100) | 6/6 (100) | |
Mean (SD) dose, mg | 300 | 357 (217) | |
Verapamil | 28/29 (96.6) | 19/25 (76) | |
Mean (SD) dose, mg | 21 (14) | 21 (9) | |
Angioplasty only | 1/1 (100) | 10/10 (100) | |
Combined | 8/8 (100) | 29/29 (100) | |
Papaverine | 0/0 (0) | 7/7 (100) | |
Mean (SD) dose, mg | – | 389 (210) | |
Verapamil | 8/8 (100) | 22/22 (100) | |
Mean (SD) dose, mg | 24 (6) | 20 (8) | |
Failure | |||
IA infusion only | 1/30 (3.3) | 6/31 (19.4) | |
Papaverine | 0/1 (0) | 0/6 (0) | |
Mean (SD) dose, mg | – | – | |
Verapamil | 1/29 (3.5) | 6/25 (24) | |
Mean (SD) dose, mg | 16 | 16 (8) | |
Angioplasty only | 0/1 (0) | 0/10 (0) | |
Combined | 0/8 (0) | 0/29 (0) | |
Papaverine | 0/0 (0) | 0/7 (100) | |
Mean (SD) dose, mg | – | – | |
Verapamil | 0/8 (0) | 0/22 (0) | |
Mean (SD) dose, mg | – | ||
Mean (SD) length of hospital stay, days | 29.0 (20.4) | 23.0 (17.8) | 0.0572 |
*Anterior versus posterior circulation as independent variable.
†Specific aneurysm location as independent variable.
‡Pertains to initial vasospasm; success = ≥50% reversal of luminal stenosis, failure = <50% reversal of luminal stenosis.
ACA, anterior cerebral artery; ACOM, anterior communicating artery; IA, intra-arterial; MCA, middle cerebral artery; n, number; PCA, posterior cerebral artery; PCOM, posterior communicating artery; PICA, posterior inferior cerebellar artery; SCA, superior cerebellar artery; VA, vertebral artery; WFNS, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies.