Demographics, case characteristics, and procedural outcomes by technique
| Sequential | Single-intermediate | Bifemoral | All PAC | |||||
| N (range) | %/SD | N (range) | %/SD | N (range) | %/SD | N (range) | %/SD | |
| Total cases | 27 | 38% | 23 | 32% | 22 | 31% | 72 | – |
| Age (years) | 59.2 (41–76) | ±10.4 | 56.4 (37–68) | ±8.8 | 59.5 (18–87) | ±18.4 | 58.4 (18–87) | ±12.9 |
| Female sex | 23 | 85% | 19 | 83% | 20 | 91% | 62 | 86% |
| Average size (mm) | 7.7 (3–16) | ±3.3 | 9.6 (4–31) | ±6.2 | 16.4 (7–33) | ±7.2 | 11.0 (3–33) | ±6.7 |
| Small | 22 | 81% | 13 | 57% | 3 | 14% | 38 | 53% |
| Large | 5 | 19% | 9 | 39% | 14 | 64% | 28 | 39% |
| Giant | 0 | 0% | 1 | 4% | 5 | 23% | 6 | 8% |
| Average neck (mm) | 3.6 (2.1–5.5) | ±0.9 | 6.0 (2.9–14.0) | ±2.5 | 8.3 (4.2–14.0) | ±2.7 | 5.8 (2.1–14.0) | ±2.8 |
| Wide neck | 21 | 78% | 19 | 83% | 22 | 100% | 62 | 86% |
| Prior SAH | 3 | 11% | 3 | 13% | 1 | 5% | 7 | 10% |
| Previously treated | 3 | 11% | 0 | 0% | 2 | 9% | 5 | 7% |
| Location | ||||||||
| ICA | 23 | 85% | 9 | 39% | 16 | 73% | 48 | 67% |
| ACA | 2 | 7% | 3 | 13% | 3 | 14% | 8 | 11% |
| MCA | 2 | 7% | 3 | 13% | 0 | 0% | 5 | 7% |
| Posterior circulation | 0 | 0% | 8 | 35% | 3 | 14% | 11 | 15% |
| Procedural success | 25 | 92.6% | 23 | 100% | 22 | 1 | 70 | 97% |
| Total fluoroscopy time (min) | 57.1 | ±19.8 | 61.0 | ±26.0 | 87.2 | ±28.8 | 67.9 | ±28.0 |
| Radiation exposure | 2719 | ±1178 | 3120 | ±1409 | 4090 | ±1751 | 3281 | ±1543 |
| No of PEDs | 1.2 (1–3) | ±0.5 | 1.1 (1–2) | ±0.3 | 1.0 (1–2) | ±0.2 | 1.1 (1–3) | ±0.4 |
| Coil packing density | 14 (4–23)% | ±5% | 14 (6–27)% | ±6% | 15 (5–32)% | ±7% | 14 (4–32)% | ±6% |
| End-embolization Raymond grade | ||||||||
| 1 | 4 | 15% | 2 | 9% | 2 | 9% | 8 | 11% |
| 2 | 5 | 19% | 2 | 9% | 1 | 5% | 8 | 11% |
| 3 | 16 | 59% | 19 | 83% | 19 | 86% | 54 | 75% |
| Spasm (verapamil) | 3 | 11% | 5 | 22% | 4 | 18% | 12 | 17% |
| Balloon angioplasty | 8 | 30% | 5 | 22% | 8 | 36% | 21 | 29% |
| PED thrombosis | 1 | 4% | 4 | 17% | 4 | 18% | 9 | 13% |
| PED cork/removal | 1 | 4% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 1% |
| Mean length of stay (days) | 1.6 (1–5) | ±1.2 | 4.3 (1–27) | ±7.0 | 4.0 (1–20) | ±4.6 | 3.2 (1–27) | ±4.9 |
| Discharge POD1 | 18 | 66.7% | 10 | 43.5% | 5 | 22.7% | 33 | 45.8% |
| Discharge home | 25 | 92.6% | 20 | 87.0% | 19 | 86.4% | 64 | 88.9% |
| Major complication | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 4.3% | 2 | 9.1% | 3 | 4.2% |
| Minor complication | 3 | 11.1% | 2 | 8.7% | 3 | 13.6% | 8 | 11.1% |
| Mortality | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 4.5% | 1 | 1.4% |
| Minor stroke | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% |
| Major stroke | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 4.3% | 2 | 9.1% | 3 | 4.2% |
| ICH | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% |
| SAH | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% |
| TIA | 2 | 7.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 2.8% |
| Dissection | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 4.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 1.4% |
| CN palsy | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% |
| Groin hematoma | 1 | 3.7% | 1 | 4.3% | 3 | 13.6% | 5 | 6.9% |
ACA, anterior cerebral artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; MCA, middle cerebral artery; PAC, Pipeline with adjunctive coiling; PED, Pipeline Embolization Device; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; TIA, transient ischemic attack.