Patient characteristics of the HERMES-like cohort
| Parameters | LSW <6 hours (n=283) | LSW >6 hours (n=107) | P values |
| Clinical baseline data | |||
| Age (years) | 74 (18) | 74 (17) | 0.62* |
| Male sex (%) | 161 (56.9) | 46 (43) | 0.017† |
| Unwitnessed/wake-up onset (%) | 2 (0.7) | 90 (84.1) | <0.001† |
| NIHSS (median) | 16 (8) | 15 (9) | 0.18* |
| Premorbid disability, mRS score 1 (%) | 109 (38.5) | 44 (41.1) | 0.64† |
| Risk factors | |||
| High blood pressure (%) | 189 (70) | 72 (67.3) | 0.62† |
| Diabetes (%) | 54 (19.1) | 23 (21.5) | 0.67† |
| High cholesterol (%) | 89 (31.4) | 33 (30.8) | 1.0† |
| Current smoking (%) | 39 (13.8) | 16 (15) | 0.75† |
| Known atrial fibrillation (%) | 74 (26.1) | 26 (24.3) | 0.83† |
| Newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (%) | 51 (18) | 22 (20.6) | |
| Previous stroke (%) | 39 (13.8) | 15 (14) | 1.0† |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 80 (28.3) | 18 (16.8) | 0.026† |
| Site of occlusion | |||
| Proximal CA (%) | 10 (3.5) | 10 (9.3) | 0.02† |
| Tandem (%) | 36 (12.7) | 4 (3.7) | |
| Distal CA (%) | 57 (20.1) | 24 (22.4) | |
| M1 (%) | 125 (44.2) | 48 (44.9) | |
| M2 (%) | 55 (19.4) | 21 (19.6) | |
| Brain imaging | |||
| MRI (%) | 32 (11.3) | 44 (41.1) | <0.001† |
| CTP (%) | 147 (51.9) | 32 (30) | <0.001† |
| ASPECTS (median) | 9 (2) | 8 (2) | <0.001* |
| Procedural data | |||
| IV thrombolysis (%) | 218 (77) | 35 (32.7) | <0.001† |
| LSW to treatment time (min) | 133±70 | 563±206 | <0.001‡ |
| Door-to-vessel time (DTV, min) | 84±77 | 90±36 | 0.25‡ |
| General anesthesia (%) | 82 (29) | 32 (30) | 0.35† |
| Recanalization (%) | 239 (84.5) | 95 (88) | 0.33† |
| Outcome | |||
| mRS score 0–2 (%) | 127 (44.9) | 48 (44.9) | 1.0† |
| mRS score 6 (%) | 43 (15.2) | 15 (14) | 0.87† |
| sICH (%) | 17 (6) | 6 (5.6) | 1.0† |
*Mann-Whitney test.
†χ2/Fisher test.
‡t Test.
ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; CA, carotid artery; CTP, CT perfusion; LSW, last seen well; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; M1/M2, M1 resp. M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery; sICH, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.