Table 3

Summary of the interventional techniques prior to rescue stenting

AuthorPrimary interventions used prior to stentingOther interventions used prior to stenting
Sauvageau et al 25

  • Merci (mean number of passes not recorded)

  • IA reteplase

  • Angioplasty

Baek et al 26

  • Penumbra

  • Stent retriever plus manual aspiration (Solitaire AB/FR, max 7 attempts)

  • Further Penumbra, urokinase or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa at operator’s discretion

Baracchini et al 27

  • Until 2015: Stent retriever thrombectomy attempted first (max 3 times) using Solitaire AB

  • 2015 onwards: distal aspiration attempted, if failed then proceeded to thrombectomy with distal aspiration

  • Tirofiban infusion attempted in some

  • Pre-/post-balloon angioplasty if: underlying carotid siphon/M1 segment atherosclerosis

Delgado Acosta et al 28

  • Penumbra primary intervention

  • Stent retrievers (Trevo-14 and Eric-2)

  • IA urokinase

  • Post-stenting angioplasty used if residual stenosis present after stent deployed

Chang et al 29

  • Stent retrievers (Trevo or Solitare AB/FR) or Penumbra aspiration or both

  • IA urokinase

  • Angioplasty

Nappini et al 30

  • Stent retriever (Solitaire in 15, Trevo in 2) max 4 passes with same device (note: 2 patients had 2 further attempts with alternative device)

  • Not commented on

Zhou, et al 31

  • Stent retriever (max 5 attempts)

  • Aspiration

  • Angioplasty

  • IA thrombolysis

Ahmed et al 32

  • Stent retriever (Solitaire or Trevo)

  • Aspiration (Penumbra, Cat-6 or 5Max)

  • IA thrombolysis

  • IA, intra-arterial.