LVO prediction scale thresholds selected for high positive likelihood ratios and low negative likelihood ratios.
| Scale threshold | Sensitivity % (95% CI) | Specificity % (95% CI) | PLR (95% CI) | NLR (95% CI) | PPV % (95% CI) | NPV % (95% CI) | % Of all patients |
| Scale thresholds with a PLR 95% CI ≥5.0 and the lowest simultaneous NLR | |||||||
| SAVE=4 | 30 (24 to 36) | 97 (95 to 98) | 8.56 (5.16 to 14.20) | 0.73 (0.67 to 0.79) | 81 (71 to 88) | 74 (70 to 77) | 12 |
| EMSA=6 | 36 (30 to 43) | 96 (94 to 98) | 9.39 (5.86 to 15) | 0.67 (0.60 to 0.73) | 82 (73 to 89) | 76 (72 to 79) | 14 |
| FAST-ED≥6 | 30 (25 to 37) | 97 (95 to 98) | 9.98 (5.58 to 17.00) | 0.72 (0.66 to 0.78) | 83 (73 to 90) | 74 (71 to 77) | 12 |
| mNIHSS≥10 | 53 (46 to 59) | 92 (89 to 94) | 6.30 (5.49 to 8.65) | 0.52 (0.46 to 0.60) | 75 (68 to 82) | 80 (76 to 83) | 23 |
| NIHSS≥16 | 38 (32 to 45) | 95 (93 to 97) | 8.20 (5.33 to 12.60) | 0.65 (0.59 to 0.72) | 80 (72 to 87) | 76 (72 to 79) | 16 |
| RACE≥8 | 22 (17 to 28) | 98 (97 to 99) | 12.30 (6.18 to 24.50) | 0.79 (0.74 to 0.85) | 86 (75 to 93) | 72 (69 to 76) | 9 |
| Scale thresholds with a NLR 95% CI ≤0.5 and the highest simultaneous PLR | |||||||
| SAVE ≥2 | 78 (73 to 83) | 63 (59 to 68) | 2.14 (1.87 to 2.45) | 0.34 (0.27 to 0.44) | 51 (46 to 56) | 86 (82 to 89) | 50 |
| CPSS≥2 | 84 (79 to 88) | 52 (47 to 56) | 1.73 (1.56 to 1.93) | 0.31 (0.23 to 0.42) | 46 (41 to 51) | 87 (82 to 90) | 60 |
| C-STAT≥1 | 72 (66 to 77) | 70 (66 to 74) | 2.40 (2.05 to 2.80) | 0.40 (0.33 to 0.50) | 54 (48 to 59) | 84 (80 to 87) | 44 |
| EMSA≥4 | 73 (67 to 79) | 70 (66 to 74) | 2.47 (2.11 to 2.89) | 0.38 (0.31 to 0.48) | 55 (49 to 60) | 84 (80 to 88) | 44 |
| FAST-ED≥3 | 72 (66 to 77) | 79 (75 to 83) | 3.44 (2.85 to 4.16) | 0.36 (0.29 to 0.44) | 63 (57 to 68) | 85 (82 to 88) | 38 |
| G-FAST≥3 | 72 (66 to 77) | 72 (68 to 76) | 2.57 (2.18 to 3.02) | 0.39 (0.32 to 0.48) | 56 (50 to 61) | 84 (80 to 87) | 42 |
| mNIHSS≥6 | 67 (61 to 73) | 79 (75 to 83) | 3.22 (2.66 to 3.91) | 0.41 (0.34 to 0.50) | 61 (55 to 67) | 83 (80 to 87) | 36 |
| NIHSS≥9 | 67 (61 to 73) | 81 (78 to 85) | 3.59 (2.92 to 4.40) | 0.41 (0.34 to 0.49) | 64 (57 to 70) | 83 (80 to 87) | 34 |
| PASS≥1 | 89 (84 to 93) | 43 (39 to 48) | 1.56 (1.43 to 1.71) | 0.26 (0.18 to 0.38) | 43 (39 to 48) | 89 (84 to 93) | 67 |
| RACE≥2 | 77 (71 to 82) | 64 (60 to 68) | 2.14 (1.87 to 2.46) | 0.36 (0.29 to 0.46) | 51 (46 to 56) | 85 (81 to 89) | 49 |
| VAN=1 | 72 (66 to 77) | 77 (73 to 81) | 3.17 (2.64 to 3.79) | 0.37 (0.30 to 0.45) | 61 (55 to 66) | 85 (81 to 88) | 39 |
| 3I-SS≥1 | 84 (79 to 88) | 45 (41 to 50) | 1.53 (1.39 to 1.68) | 0.36 (0.27 to 0.49) | 43 (38 to 47) | 85 (80 to 89) | 64 |
CPSS, Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale; C-STAT, Cincinnati Stroke Triage Assessment Tool; EMSA Emergency Medical Stroke Assessment; FAST-ED, Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination; G-FAST, Gaze-Face-Arm-Speech-Time; 3I-SS, three item Stroke Scale; LVO, large vessel occlusion; mNIHSS, modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NLR, negative likelihood ratio; NPV, negative predictive value; PASS, Prehospital Acute Stroke Severity; PLR, positive likelihood ratio; PPV, positive predictive value; RACE, Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation; SAVE, Speech Arm Vision Eyes; VAN, Vision Aphasia Neglect.