Author and year of publication | No. of patients | Side of PT | Duration of PT (months) | Venous pathology | IJV compression test | PG across venous lesion | Endovascular treatment | Stent deployed | PT resolution | Complications | Follow-up (months) |
Houdart et al,6 2000 | 1 | L | 6 | Left T-S sinus diverticulum | + | N/A | Coil embolization | – | Complete | Nil | 8 |
Sanchez et al,7 2002 | 1 | L | 36 | Left T-S sinus diverticulum | + | N/A | VSS and coil embolization | Wallstent | Complete | Cerebellar infarct (mRS1) | 12 |
Zenteno et al,8 2004 | 1 | L | 6 | Left T-S sinus diverticulum | + | N/A | VSS and coil embolization | Wallstent | Complete | Nil | 6 |
Yoon et al,9 2008 | 1 | R | N/A | Right HRJB | N/A | N/A | VSS and coil embolization | PRECISE | Complete | Nil | 15 |
Gard et al,10 2009 | 1 | L | N/A | Left T-S sinus diverticulum | + | N/A | Coil embolization | – | Complete | Nil | 12 |
Mehanna et al,11 2010 | 1 | R | 72 | Right sigmoid sinus diverticulum | + | N/A | Coil embolization | – | 90% improvement | Nil | 12 |
Park et al,12 2011 | 1 | R | 36 | Right sigmoid sinus diverticulum | + | N/A | Coil embolization | – | Complete | Nil | 22 |
Signorelli et al,13 2012 | 1 | R | 48 | Right JBD and distal sigmoid stenosis | + | 10 mm Hg | VSS and balloon angioplasty | PRECISE | Complete | Nil | 36 |
Lenck et al,14 2012 | 1 | R | N/A | Right T-S sinus diverticulum | + | N/A | Coil embolization | – | Complete | Nil | 84 |
Santos-Franco et al,15 2012 | 1 | R | 240 | Right sigmoid sinus diverticulum and T-S sinus stenosis | N/A | N/A | VSS | Cristallo Ideale | Complete | Nil | 6 |
Amans et al,16 2014 | 1 | R | 18 | Right sigmoid sinus diverticulum and T-S sinus stenosis | + | N/A | Coil embolization | – | Complete | Nil | 6 |
Thénint et al,17 2014 | 2 | L (1), R (1) | 6 (2) | Left (1) and right (1) JBD | N/A | N/A | VSS and coil embolization | Wallstent | Complete (2) | Nil | 12 (2) |
Mortimer et al,18 2015 | 1 | R | 10 | Right JBD | N/A | N/A | VSS and coil embolization | E-Luminexx | Complete | Nil | 10 |
Trivelato et al,19 2015 | 1 | L | 24 | Left HRJB and T-S sinus stenosis | + | 10 mm Hg | VSS and coil embolization | Protégé RX | Complete | Nil | 16 |
Paramasivam et al,20 2016 | 1 | R | 4 | Right sigmoid sinus diverticulum and T-S sinus stenosis | N/A | N/A | VSS and coil embolization | Protégé RX | Complete | Nil | 8 |
Li et al,21 2016 | 1 | R | 48 | Right T-S sinus diverticulum | − | N/A | VSS and coil embolization | Leo | Complete | Nil | 4 |
Shastri et al,22 2017 | 2 | L (2) | 3 (2) | Right T-S sinus diverticulum (2) | + | N/A | VSS and coil embolization | PRECISE | Complete (2) | Nil | 12 (2) |
Lenck et al,23 2017 | 14 | L (9), R (5) | Median 18 (IQR 36) | T-S sinus stenosis (14) | + | Median 3 mm Hg (IQR 4) | VSS | Wallstent | Complete (13), Unchanged (1) | Nil | Median 18.5 (IQR 31.0) |
Du et al,24 2017 | 1 | R | 24 | Right HRJB and T-S sinus stenosis | N/A | N/A | VSS | Solitaire AB | Complete | Nil | 16 |
Cuellar et al,25 2018 | 1 | R | 3 | Right sigmoid sinus diverticulum | N/A | N/A | VSS | Unspecified | Complete | Nil | 6 |
Lenck et al,26 2018 | 6 | L (3), R (3) | Median 18 (IQR 21) | Left (3) and right (3) T-S sinus stenosis | N/A | Median 4.5 mm Hg (IQR 2.5) | VSS | Wallstent | Complete (6) | Nil | N/A |
Total | 41 | R=52.1% | Median 15 (IQR 33) | Complete resolution rate 95.1% | Complication rate 2.4% | Median follow-up 7 (IQR 14) |
HRJB, high-riding jugular bulb; IJV, internal jugular vein; IQR, interquartile range; JBD, jugular bulb diverticulum; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; N/A, not applicable; PG, pressure gradient; PT, pulsatile tinnitus; T-S, transverse-sigmoid; VSS, venous sinus stenting; ‘+’,: positive test; ‘−’,: negative test.