Surgical methods (in total sample) (n=516) | Surgical methods (in sample that survived) (n=340) | ||||||||||
Total | SA | EE | OC | P value | Total | SA | EE | OC | P value | ||
Gender | Male | 319 | 184 | 64 | 71 | 0.5539 | 212 | 114 | 54 | 44 | 0.1030 |
Female | 197 | 120 | 41 | 36 | 128 | 77 | 36 | 15 | |||
Age (years) | <60 | 313 | 178 | 70 | 65 | 0.3407 | 236 | 131 | 67 | 38 | 0.4003 |
≥60 | 203 | 126 | 35 | 42 | 104 | 60 | 23 | 21 | |||
Consciousness | Drowsy | 84 | 65 | 12 | 7 | <0.0001* | 66 | 51 | 11 | 4 | <0.0001* |
Lethargic | 127 | 82 | 31 | 14 | 110 | 71 | 27 | 12 | |||
Light coma | 213 | 122 | 53 | 38 | 130 | 65 | 44 | 21 | |||
Deep coma | 92 | 35 | 9 | 48 | 34 | 4 | 8 | 22 | |||
Smoking | Yes | 130 | 72 | 31 | 27 | 0.4936 | 94 | 49 | 27 | 18 | 0.6474 |
No | 386 | 232 | 74 | 80 | 246 | 142 | 63 | 41 | |||
Diabetes | Yes | 37 | 26 | 7 | 4 | 0.2458 | 23 | 14 | 5 | 4 | 0.8584 |
No | 479 | 278 | 98 | 103 | 317 | 177 | 85 | 55 | |||
Hypertension | Yes | 422 | 253 | 88 | 81 | 0.1855 | 284 | 161 | 75 | 48 | 0.8667 |
No | 94 | 51 | 17 | 26 | 56 | 30 | 15 | 11 | |||
History of craniocerebral disease | Yes | 63 | 37 | 14 | 12 | 0.8945 | 35 | 20 | 11 | 4 | 0.5605 |
No | 453 | 267 | 91 | 95 | 305 | 171 | 79 | 55 | |||
Herniation | Yes | 84 | 29 | 10 | 45 | <0.0001* | 32 | 3 | 8 | 21 | <0.0001* |
No | 432 | 275 | 95 | 62 | 308 | 188 | 82 | 38 | |||
Interval between onset and operation (hours) | 8 hours | 132 | 80 | 17 | 35 | 0.0202* | 68 | 37 | 14 | 17 | 0.1338 |
8 hours | 384 | 224 | 88 | 72 | 272 | 154 | 76 | 42 | |||
Hematoma volume (mL) | >20–<40 | 161 | 131 | 18 | 12 | <0.0001* | 127 | 102 | 17 | 8 | <0.0001* |
≥40–<80 | 253 | 134 | 69 | 50 | 168 | 82 | 57 | 29 | |||
≥80 | 102 | 39 | 18 | 45 | 45 | 7 | 16 | 22 | |||
Rehabilitation treatment | PRT | 184 | 108 | 42 | 34 | 0.1101 | 176 | 103 | 42 | 31 | 0.2318 |
NPRT | 128 | 68 | 41 | 19 | 124 | 66 | 40 | 18 | |||
NRT | 43 | 24 | 7 | 12 | 39 | 22 | 7 | 10 | |||
Decompressive craniectomy | Yes | 112 | 21 | 11 | 80 | <0.0001* | 55 | 6 | 9 | 40 | <0.0001* |
No | 404 | 283 | 94 | 27 | 285 | 185 | 81 | 19 | |||
Tracheotomy | Yes | 90 | 41 | 25 | 24 | 0.0174* | 59 | 21 | 20 | 18 | 0.0009* |
No | 426 | 263 | 80 | 83 | 281 | 170 | 70 | 41 | |||
Lumbar puncture | Yes | 111 | 42 | 47 | 22 | <0.0001* | 87 | 30 | 41 | 16 | <0.0001* |
No | 405 | 262 | 58 | 85 | 253 | 161 | 49 | 43 | |||
External lumbar drainage | Yes | 54 | 31 | 15 | 8 | 0.2620 | 32 | 14 | 13 | 5 | 0.1568 |
No | 462 | 273 | 90 | 99 | 308 | 177 | 77 | 54 |
*P values show statistical significance.
EE, endoscopic evacuation; NPRT, non-professional rehabilitation treatment; NRT, no rehabilitation treatment; OC, open craniotomy; PRT, professional rehabilitation treatment; SA, stereotactic aspiration.