Baseline characteristics according to first pass effect in the ASTER trial
| Characteristics | FPE (n=97) | Non-FPE (n=239) | P value | RR (95% CI) |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 70.5 (14.0) | 69.0 (14.9) | 0.13 | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.14)* |
| Men | 44/97 (45.4) | 130/239 (54.4) | 0.18 | 0.76 (0.50 to 0.15) |
| Medical history | ||||
| Hypertension | 53/95 (55.8) | 145/235 (61.7) | 0.12 | 0.84 (0.66 to 1.05) |
| Diabetes | 19/96 (19.8) | 49/234 (20.9) | 0.53 | 0.94 (0.77 to 1.15) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 34/96 (35.4) | 86/232 (37.1) | 0.68 | 0.95 (0.75 to 1.20) |
| Current smoking | 16/76 (21.1) | 41/206 (19.9) | 0.77 | 1.07 (0.68 to 1.67) |
| Coronary artery disease | 14/95 (14.7) | 45/232 (19.4) | 0.10 | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06) |
| Previous stroke or TIA | 20/96 (20.8) | 39/236 (16.5) | 0.19 | 1.23 (0.90 to 1.70) |
| Previous antithrombotic medications | 43/93 (46.2) | 118/237 (49.8) | 0.28 | 0.89 (0.72 to 1.10) |
| Antiplatelet | 28/93 (30.1) | 76/237 (32.1) | 0.50 | 0.93 (0.75 to 1.15) |
| Anticoagulant | 15/93 (16.1) | 50/237 (21.1) | 0.083 | 0.75 (0.53 to 1.04) |
| Current stroke event | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD)† | 148 (25) | 146 (26) | 0.26 | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.08)* |
| NIHSS score, mean (SD)‡ | 15.8 (6.5) | 16.4 (6.0) | 0.27 | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.05)§ |
| Pre-stroke mRS score ≥1 | 24/96 (25.0) | 33/239 (13.8) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.23 to 2.17) |
| ASPECTS, median (IQR)¶ | 8 (6 to 9) | 7 (5 to 9) | 0.014 | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.15)** |
| Site of occlusion | ||||
| M1-MCA | 61/97 (62.9) | 134/239 (56.1) | 0.31 | 1.00 (reference) |
| M2-MCA | 23/97 (23.7) | 53/239 (22.2) | 1.00 (0.61 to 1.62) | |
| Intracranial ICA or tandem | 13/97 (13.4) | 52/239 (21.8) | 0.63 (0.34 to 1.16) | |
| Favorable collaterals | 23/81 (28.4) | 43/184 (23.4) | 0.40 | 1.20 (0.78 to 1.84) |
| Clot length, mm, median (IQR)†† | 11 (8 to 16) | 13 (9 to 20) | 0.098 | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.01)** |
| Clot burden, median (IQR)‡‡ | 6 (4 to 8) | 7 (5 to 8) | 0.18 | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.02)** |
| Suspected stroke cause | ||||
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 10/97 (10.3) | 18/239 (7.5) | 0.15 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Cardioembolic | 33/97 (34.0) | 109/239 (45.6) | 0.66 (0.41 to 1.05) | |
| Other or unknown | 54/97 (55.7) | 112/239 (46.9) | 0.91 (0.65 to 1.27) | |
| Intravenous rtPA | 61/97 (62.9) | 155/239 (64.9) | 0.51 | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.13) |
| Endovascular treatment | ||||
| General anesthesia | 7/97 (7.2) | 38/239 (15.9) | 0.077 | 0.50 (0.23 to 1.08) |
| Onset to groin puncture time, min, median (IQR)‡ | 230 (179 to 283) | 230 (184 to 279) | 0.34 | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07)§ § |
| Onset to imaging | 108 (80 to 149) | 114 (84 to 150) | 0.34 | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07)§ § |
| Imaging to groin puncture | 112 (69 to 154) | 110 (62 to 150) | 0.93 | 1.00 (0.90 to 1.12)§ § |
Values expressed as no/total no (%) unless otherwise indicated.
*OR calculated per 10 unit increase.
†Nine missing values.
‡Three missing values.
§OR calculated per 30 unit increase.
¶Four missing values.
**OR calculated per 1 unit increase.
††Seventy-six6 missing values.
‡ ‡One hundred and five missing values.
§ §OR calculated per 30 unit increase.
ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT score; FPE, first pass effect; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; mRS, modified Rankin Scale, NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; rtPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; TIA, transient ischemic attack.