Variable | Patient | ||||
No 1 | No 2 | No 3 | No 4 | No 5 | |
Etiology | Trauma | Spontaneous; known aneurysm | Trauma | Spontaneous | Trauma |
Side | Right | Left | Right | Left | Left |
Chemosis | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA |
Proptosis | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA |
CN VI palsy | No | Yes | No | Yes | NA |
Vision impairment including diplopia | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Other symptoms | HAs; N/V; left V1 impairment | Non-reactive ipsilateral pupil | Acute trauma; GCS 8 | ||
Presentation details | Head trauma 6 months earlier | 2 weeks of symptoms | Trauma 1 month earlier | 1 month of symptoms | Acute trauma; multiple skull fractures and multicompartmental intracranial hemorrhages; reported visual impairment on extubation on post-trauma day 7. |
Treatment details | PED×2; transvenous coils×19 | PED×1; transarterial coils×8 | PED×2; transvenous coils×14; on POD 3, transvenous Onyx 18 with arterial balloon inflation | PED×1; transvenous coils; transvenous Onyx 18 and Onyx 34 with arterial balloon inflation; on POD 1, transvenous Onyx 18 with arterial balloon inflation | PED×1; on POD 7, transvenous coils×21; on POD 10, transvenous nBCA and coils×3 |
Onyx used | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
nBCA used | No | No | No | No | Yes |
Balloon inflated for ICA protection during treatment | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
Complete obliteration after initial procedure | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Complete obliteration on follow-up | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Time to complete angiographic obliteration (months) | 0 | 0 (POD 1) | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Longest angiographic follow-up (months) | Lost to follow-up | 55 | 8 | 2 | 40 |
Complete obliteration at last angiogram | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Complete resolution of symptoms | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
CN, cranial nerve; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HAs, headaches; ICA, internal carotid artery; N/V, nausea and vomiting; NA, not available; nBCA, n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate; PED, pipeline embolization device; POD, postoperative day.