Baseline characteristics of index ischemic stroke admission, stratified by pre- or post-endovascular era
| Pre-endovascular era: Index admission January 2013 through January 2015 | Endovascular era: Index admission February 2015 through December 2016 | |||
| Weighted frequency (%)* | Percent (95% CI of percent) | Weighted frequency (%)* | Percent (95% CI of percent) | |
| Total | 925 363 | 100.0 | 857 347 | 100 |
| Baseline characteristics at index admission | ||||
| Mean age (years) | – | 70.8 (70.7 to 71.0) | – | 70.6 (70.5 to 70.8) |
| Female | 473 154 | 51.1 (50.9 to 51.4) | 436 055 | 50.9 (50.7 to 51.1) |
| Tobacco use | 297 160 | 32.1 (31.6 to 32.6) | 315 003 | 36.7 (36.2 to 37.3) |
| Diabetes | 338 023 | 36.5 (36.2 to 36.8) | 319 737 | 37.3 (37 to 37.6) |
| Hypertension | 625 512 | 67.6 (67.3 to 67.9) | 573 596 | 66.9 (66.5 to 67.3) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 541 778 | 58.5 (58 to 59.1) | 501 441 | 58.5 (57.9 to 59.1) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 233 170 | 25.2 (24.9 to 25.5) | 220 751 | 25.7 (25.5 to 26) |
| Received intravenous thrombolysis | 72 355 | 7.8 (7.6 to 8.1) | 72 238 | 8.4 (8.2 to 8.7) |
| Received endovascular therapy | 12 424 | 1.3 (1.2 to 1.5) | 22 422 | 2.6 (2.4 to 2.9) |
| Length of stay (days) | – | 6.8 (6.7 to 6.9) | – | 5.7 (5.62 to 5.78) |
| Total charges ($) | – | 53 878(52 618 to 55 137) | – | 56 691 (55 222 to 58 160) |
| Patient zip code income quartile | ||||
| 0 to 25th percentile | 267 407 | 29.4 (28.2 to 30.5) | 263 061 | 31.1 (30 to 32.3) |
| 26th to 50th percentile | 249 301 | 27.4 (26.6 to 28.1) | 217 497 | 25.7 (25 to 26.5) |
| 51st to 75th percentile | 213 752 | 23.5 (22.8 to 24.2) | 206 150 | 24.4 (23.6 to 25.1) |
| 76th to 100th percentile | 180 161 | 19.8 (18.8 to 20.8) | 158 390 | 18.7 (17.7 to 19.8) |
| APR-DRG mortality | ||||
| 1=Minor likelihood of dying | 278 279 | 30.1 (29.8 to 30.4) | 249 755 | 29.1 (28.8 to 29.4) |
| 2=Moderate likelihood of dying | 395 013 | 42.7 (42.4 to 43) | 355 257 | 41.4 (41.1 to 41.7) |
| 3=Major likelihood of dying | 173 960 | 18.8 (18.6 to 19) | 171 857 | 20 (19.8 to 20.3) |
| 4=Extreme likelihood of dying | 78 042 | 8.4 (8.2 to 8.6) | 80 383 | 9.4 (9.1 to 9.6) |
| APR-DRG severity | ||||
| 1=Minor (or no) loss of function | 123 837 | 13.4 (13.2 to 13.6) | 91 648 | 10.7 (10.5 to 10.9) |
| 2=Moderate loss of function | 452 047 | 48.9 (48.5 to 49.2) | 420 080 | 49 (48.7 to 49.3) |
| 3=Major loss of function | 271 898 | 29.4 (29.1 to 29.7) | 266 983 | 31.1 (30.9 to 31.4) |
| 4=Extreme loss of function | 77 513 | 8.4 (8.1 to 8.6) | 78 542 | 9.2 (8.9 to 9.4) |
| Disposition | ||||
| Routine – home or self-care | 371 385 | 40.1 (39.7 to 40.6) | 347 458 | 40.6 (40.1 to 41) |
| Transfer to short-term hospital | 15 455 | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.8) | 12 557 | 1.5 (1.4 to 1.6) |
| Transfer to SNF, ICF, or other facility | 314 127 | 34 (33.5 to 34.4) | 299 158 | 34.9 (34.5 to 35.4) |
| Home Healthcare (HHC) | 170 517 | 18.4 (18 to 18.8) | 148 922 | 17.4 (17 to 17.7) |
| Against medical advice (AMA) | 7375 | 0.8 (0.8 to 0.8) | 8412 | 1 (0.9 to 1) |
| Died | 45 133 | 4.9 (4.8 to 5) | 39 980 | 4.7 (4.5 to 4.8) |
| Discharged alive, destination unknown | 1042 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 370 | 0 (0 to 0.1) |
| Hospital bed size | ||||
| Small | 116 670 | 12.6 (11.9 to 13.4) | 122 223 | 14.3 (13.5 to 15) |
| Medium | 240 509 | 26 (24.9 to 27.1) | 238 336 | 27.8 (26.7 to 28.9) |
| Large | 568 184 | 61.4 (60.2 to 62.6) | 496 788 | 57.9 (56.7 to 59.2) |
| Hospital urban-rural designation | ||||
| Large metro area>1 million residents | 480 426 | 51.9 (50.1 to 53.8) | 450 672 | 52.6 (50.6 to 54.5) |
| Small metro areas<1 million residents | 347 106 | 37.5 (35.7 to 39.3) | 330 782 | 38.6 (36.7 to 40.5) |
| Micropolitan areas | 71 799 | 7.8 (7.2 to 8.4) | 54 905 | 6.4 (5.9 to 6.9) |
| Not metropolitan or micropolitan | 26 031 | 2.8 (2.6 to 3) | 20 989 | 2.4 (2.2 to 2.7) |
| Teaching status of hospital | ||||
| Non-metropolitan | 298 443 | 32.3 (31.2 to 33.3) | 222 874 | 26 (25 to 27) |
| Metropolitan teaching | 529 090 | 57.2 (56 to 58.4) | 558 579 | 65.2 (64 to 66.3) |
| Metropolitan non-teaching | 97 830 | 10.6 (9.9 to 11.2) | 75 894 | 8.9 (8.3 to 9.4) |
| Primary expected payer | ||||
| Medicare | 627 001 | 67.8 (67.3 to 68.3) | 576 941 | 67.4 (66.9 to 67.8) |
| Medicaid | 69 484 | 7.5 (7.2 to 7.8) | 72 152 | 8.4 (8.2 to 8.7) |
| Private insurance | 158 876 | 17.2 (16.8 to 17.5) | 151 860 | 17.7 (17.4 to 18.1) |
| Self-pay | 40 010 | 4.3 (4.1 to 4.5) | 30 543 | 3.6 (3.3 to 3.8) |
| No charge | 5227 | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.7) | 3479 | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.5) |
| Other | 23 703 | 2.6 (2.4 to 2.8) | 21 290 | 2.5 (2.3 to 2.7) |
Baseline characteristics of ischemic stroke population at the time of index admission; included are characteristics of the index admissions themselves and hospital characteristics.
↵*unless otherwise indicated
APDRG, All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group