Rate of subsequent vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) reported from the randomized controlled studies performed to date investigating the role of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty in the treatment of acute, subacute, and chronic VCF
| Study name/lead author | Year published | No of patients enrolled (% of total eligible for enrollment) | Subsequent fracture rate in treatment arm (%) | Subsequent fracture rate in control arm (%) | Statistical significance reached | Follow-up period (weeks) |
| VERTOS Voormolen et al 14 | 2007 | 34 | 11 | 0 | No | 2 |
| FREE Wardlaw et al 15 | 2009 | 300 (49%) | 33* 47.5* | 25* 44.1* | No No | 52 104 |
| INVEST Kallmes et al 16 | 2009 | 131 (30%) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Buchbinder et al 17 | 2009 | 78 (36%) | 7.9 | 10 | No | 26 |
| Rousing et al 18 | 2010 | 49 | 12 | 16.7 | No | 52 |
| VERTOS II Klazen et al 19 | 2010 | 202 (47%) | 16.5 | 24.7 | No | 52 |
| Farrokhi et al 20 | 2011 | 82 (100%) | 2.6 | 15.4 | Yes | 104 |
| Blasco et al 21 | 2012 | 125 (100%) | 27 | 13 | Yes | 52 |
| Chen et al 22 | 2014 | 96 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Leali et al 23 | 2016 | 385 | 1.8 | 0 | No | 26 |
| Yang et al 24 | 2016 | 135 (85%) | 8.9 | 7.8 | No | 52 |
| Wang et al 25 | 2016 | 217 (69%) | 13 | 10 | No | 52 |
| VOPE Hansen et al 28 | 2016 | 46 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| VAPOUR Clark et al 26 | 2016 | 120 (78%) | 6 | 4 | No | 26 |
| VERTOS IV Firanescu et al 27 | 2018 | 180 (54%) | 39% | 37% | No | 52 |
*New or worsening radiographic vertebral fractures in follow-up.
NR, not reported.