Group (baseline ischemic core volume) | Group A | Group B | Group C | ||||||
Characteristic | 70–100 mL | 100–130 mL | >130 mL | ||||||
MT (n=31) | SMT (n=21) | P value* | MT (n=14) | SMT (n=22) | P value* | MT (n=4) | SMT (n=65) | P value* | |
Female | 11 (36) | 16 (76) | <0.05 | 7 (50) | 9 (41) | 0.59 | 4 (100) | 44 (68) | <0.05 |
Age (years) | 76 (71–85) | 79 (67–87) | 0.58 | 80 (71–85) | 77 (71–84) | 0.83 | 77 (65–81) | 84 (77–87) | 0.09 |
Prestroke mRS score | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0.79 | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–4) | 0.55 | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–3) | 0.98 |
Medical history | |||||||||
Hypertension | 19 (61) | 14 (67) | 0.69 | 10 (71) | 15 (68) | 0.84 | 4 (100) | 45 (69) | 0.19 |
Dyslipidemia | 11 (36) | 9 (43) | 0.59 | 6 (43) | 8 (36) | 0.70 | 3 (75) | 27 (42) | 0.19 |
Diabetes mellitus | 5 (16) | 2 (10) | 0.49 | 4 (29) | 7 (32) | 0.84 | 1 (25) | 9 (14) | 0.54 |
Current smoking | 8 (26) | 1 (5) | 0.05 | 3 (21) | 5 (23) | 0.93 | 2 (50) | 6 (9) | <0.05 |
Ischemic stroke | 3 (10) | 3 (14) | 0.61 | 5 (36) | 9 (41) | 0.76 | 2 (50) | 11 (17) | 0.10 |
Atrial fibrillation | 21 (68) | 9 (43) | 0.08 | 12 (86) | 15 (68) | 0.24 | 3 (75) | 53 (82) | 0.75 |
Systolic blood pressure on admission (mmHg) | 148 (124–165) | 144 (136–179) | 0.44 | 151 (131–175) | 160 (148–182) | 0.39 | 150 (139–164) | 159 (142–176) | 0.57 |
Baseline NIHSS score | 21 (18–24) | 20 (16–26) | 0.79 | 24 (20–28) | 23 (18–26) | 0.76 | 29 (24–36) | 26 (21–31) | 0.26 |
Serum glucose (mmol/L) | 6.56 (5.78–7.67) | 6.94 (6.67–8.50) | 0.10 | 7.56 (6.61–10.72) | 7.33 (7.00–10.22) | 0.59 | 8.83 (7.17–10.67) | 7.44 (6.17–9.11) | 0.30 |
Baseline DWI-ASPECTS | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–5) | <0.05 | 6 (4–6) | 3 (1–5) | <0.05 | 3 (3–6) | 2 (1–3) | <0.05 |
Baseline DWI ischemic core volume (mL) | 80 (74–87) | 85 (77–91) | 0.06 | 107 (101–117) | 113 (107–124) | 0.14 | 178 (175–194) | 182 (150–210) | 0.82 |
Occluded artery | |||||||||
ICA | 13 (42) | 7 (33) | 0.53 | 6 (43) | 9 (41) | 0.91 | 1 (25) | 43 (66) | 0.10 |
MCA M1 | 10 (32) | 8 (38) | 0.66 | 5 (36) | 11 (50) | 0.40 | 1 (25) | 16 (25) | 0.11 |
MCA M2 | 2 (7) | 4 (19) | 0.16 | 0 | 1 (5) | 0.42 | 1 (25) | 1 (2) | <0.05 |
Tandem occlusion | 6 (19) | 2 (10) | 0.36 | 3 (21) | 1 (5) | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | -- |
Multivessel occlusion | 0 | 0 | -- | 0 | 0 | -- | 1 (25) | 5 (8) | 0.23 |
Time logistics | |||||||||
Onset-to-hospital arrival time (min) | 75 (38–264) | 330 (47–639) | <0.05 | 67 (58–173) | 367 (150–740) | <0.05 | 50 (38–81) | 379 (102–719) | <0.05 |
Onset-to-imaging time (min) | 94 (57–305) | 357 (75–669) | <0.05 | 94 (81–199) | 400 (191–758) | <0.05 | 77 (61–98) | 434 (147–815) | <0.05 |
Treatment profile | |||||||||
Intravenous thrombolysis | 13 (42) | 1 (5) | <0.05 | 4 (29) | 1 (5) | <0.05 | 2 (50) | 1 (2) | <0.05 |
Stroke causative mechanism | <0.05 | 0.38 | 0.87 | ||||||
Large artery atherosclerosis | 5 (16) | 1 (5) | 0 | 3 (14) | 0 | 2 (3) | |||
Cardioembolism | 24 (77) | 11 (52) | 10 (71) | 15 (71) | 4 (100) | 55 (85) | |||
Other | 0 | 8 (38) | 2 (14) | 2 (10) | 0 | 7 (11) | |||
Unknown | 2 (7) | 1 (5) | 2 (14) | 1 (5) | 0 | 1 (2) |
Data are presented as number (%) or median (IQR).
*Fisher’s exact test.
CT, computed tomography; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; DWI-ASPECTS, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomographic Score; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; MT, mechanical thrombectomy; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SMT, standard medical treatment.