Input variable | Result | Fluoroscopy time-per-vessel | No. of catheters used | Conversion to femoral | Operator rating scale of difficulty |
Presence of a proximal radial loop | n=3 | p=0.80 | p=0.91 | p<0.03 | p=0.17 |
Diameter of aortic arch (mm) | Mean, 24.6 Range, 17.7–31 SD, 3 | p=0.01 | p=0.10 | p=0.09 | p<0.01 |
Type of aortic arch | Type 1: n=32 Type 2: n=16 Type 3: n=3 | p=0.15 | p=0.76 | p=0.54 | p<0.14 |
Presence of bovine anatomy | n=12 | p=0.24 | p=0.03 | p=0.42 | p<0.89 |
Presence of single subclavian innominate curve | n=26 | p=0.62 | p=0.243 | p=0.929 | p<0.938 |
Presence of double subclavian innominate curve | n=13 | p=0.16 | p=0.58 | p=0.42 | p<0.01 |
Presence of right CCA loop | n=3 | p=0.12 | p=0.69 | † | p=0.28 |
Presence of left CCA loop | n=5 | p=0.07 | p=0.60 | p<0.01 | p<0.001 |
Presence of right VA loop | n=3 | p=54 | p=0.62 | † | p=0.36 |
Presence of left VA loop | n=7 | p=0.90 | p=0.59 | † | p=0.50 |
Angle of innominate subclavian primary curve | Mean, 107 Range, 28–172 SD, 41 | p=0.600 | p=0.41 | p=1 | p=0.63 |
Angle of innominate subclavian secondary curve | Mean, 55 Range, 17–86 SD, 25 | p=0.39 | p=0.54 | p=0.50 | p=0.79 |
Length of innominate artery (mm) | Mean, 33 mm Range, 14–60 mm SD, 8.7 mm | p=0.87 | p=0.55 | p=0.84 | p=0.29 |
Subclavian vertebral angle (right and left) | Right: Mean, 79 Range, 11–110 SD, 22 | p=0.023 | p=0.071 | p=0.54 | p=0.68 (right) |
Left: Mean, 137 Range, 56–172 SD, 29 | p=0.004 | p=0.18 | p<0.07 | p=0.26 (left) | |
Innominate aortic angle | Mean, 109 Range, 45–167 SD, 34 | p=0.90 | p=0.23 | p=0.67 | p=0.14 |
*A t-test and a one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used to compare normally distributed data, a Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test compared non-parametric data, and χ2 test was utilized to compare categorical variables. Pearson’s correlation statistic was used to compare continuous data. Bold p values indicate statistical significance.
†Denotes there were zero cases available, and no statistical comparison was made.
CCA, common carotid artery; VA, vertebral artery.