Demographic backgrounds and lesion characteristics of the 140 enrolled patients
| Age, years (mean±SD), median, range | 72.8±6.6, 74.0, 53–87 | |
| Sex | Male | 123 (87.9%) |
| Female | 17 (12.1%) | |
| Body mass index (mean±SD), median, range | 23.5±3.1, 23.3, 16.0–35.4 | |
| Symptoms | Symptomatic | 55 (39.3%) |
| Asymptomatic | 85 (60.7%) | |
| CEA risk | High | 55 (39.3%) |
| Normal | 85 (60.7%) | |
| Hypertension | 120 (85.7%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 51 (36.4%) | |
| Dyslipidemia | 116 (82.9%) | |
| Arrhythmia | 27 (19.3%) | |
| Smoking history | 67 (47.9%) | |
| History of coronary artery disease | 47 (33.6%) | |
| History of intracranial disease* | 62 (44.3%) | |
| History of peripheral disease | 18 (12.9%) | |
| Statin use | 125 (89.3%) | |
| Anticoagulant use | DOAC | 6 (4.3%) |
| Warfarin | 5 (3.6%) | |
| Lesion side | Left | 60 (42.9%) |
| Right | 80 (57.1%) | |
| Minimum lumen diameter (mm, mean±SD), median, range | 1.1±0.6, 1.0, 0.2–3.2 | |
| Reference vessel diameter (mm, mean±SD), median, range | 3.8±0.8, 3.8, 1.0–5.7 | |
| Degree of stenosis (NASCET method, %, mean±SD), median, range | 71.1±13.9, 75.0, 30.2–92.3 | |
| Lesion length (mm, mean±SD), median, range | 22.1±10.4, 21.4, 4.1–91.0 | |
| Protection device | Carotid GuardWire PS | 80 (57.1%) |
| FilterWire EZ | 17 (12.1%) | |
| Spider FX | 8 (5.7%) | |
| Mo.Ma Ultra | 8 (5.7%) | |
| Multiple | 27 (19.3%) | |
*Intracranial diseases, such as tumor, arteriovenous malformation, and cerebral aneurysm, which might have influenced the neurological evaluation.
CEA, carotid endarterectomy; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulants; NASCET, North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial; SD, standard deviation.