Table 1

Baseline characteristics for the FPE and non-FPE groups

VariableFPE (n=91)Non-FPE (n=81)P Value*
Demographics
 Age, mean (SD)68.4 (11.9)67.7 (14.3)0.70
 Sex, male, n (%)43 (47.3%)33 (40.7%)0.39
Vascular risk factors, n (%)
 Hypertension66 (72.5%)57 (70.4%)0.75
 Atrial fibrillation32 (35.2%)38 (46.9%)0.12
 Diabetes mellitus16 (17.6%)17 (21.0%)0.57
 Dyslipidemia38 (41.8%)37 (45.7%)0.61
 Smoking19 (20.9%)21 (25.9%)0.43
 Previous MI/CAD23 (25.3%)11 (13.6%)0.06
 Previous stroke16 (17.6%)13 (16.0%)0.79
Clinical presentation, median (IQR)
 Baseline NIHSS score16 (11–19)16 (13–20)0.40
 Baseline systolic BP, mm Hg†144 (130–158)148 (134–158)0.31
 Baseline diastolic BP, mm Hg†80 (70–91)81 (72–93)0.29
Occlusion location, n (%)
 Internal carotid artery14 (15.4%)13 (16.0%)0.90
 M1 middle cerebral artery48 (52.7%)46 (56.8%)0.60
 M2 middle cerebral artery22 (24.2%)20 (24.7%)0.94
 Posterior7 (7.7%)2 (2.5%)0.17
Procedural factors
 Time from onset to puncture (min), median (IQR)214 (161–263)220 (153–270)0.54
 General anesthesia, n (%)33 (36.3%)25 (30.9%)0.46
 IV tPA use, n (%)59 (64.8%)56 (69.1%)0.55
 Balloon guide catheter use, n (%)71 (78.0%)60 (74.1%)0.54
 Intermediate catheter use, n (%)20 (22.0%)41 (50.6%)<0.01
  • *P values presented for t-test beside means, Wilcoxon rank sum (Mann-Whitney) test beside medians, and chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests beside proportions.

  • †Four patients missing data for systolic and diastolic BP.

  • BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; FPE, first-pass effect; IQR, interquartile range; IV, intravenous; MI, myocardial infarction; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SD, standard deviation; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.