Robotic system | Indication | Control panel | Method of catheter and guidewire manipulation | Advantages | Potential limitations |
Sensei robotic system | Cardiac electrophysiological studies and treatment | Joystick | Steerable guide catheter inside a steerable sheath via tendon drives with movement in three dimensions | Steerable catheter allows precise movements to be performed more quickly than manually51 | Requires the use of a bespoke sheath and requires the manual placement of EP catheter for recording or ablation |
Niobe magnetic navigation system | Cardiac electrophysiological studies and treatment | Joystick/mouse | Fixed external magnets with a magnetic catheter tip and catheter advancer system | Magnetic control allows exceptional accuracy. Uses bespoke soft flexible catheter, reducing endovascular or cardiac injury52 | Expensive, requiring large bespoke interventional theater to accommodate external magnets |
Amigo remote catheter system | Cardiac electrophysiological studies and treatment | Handheld remote device | Three separate controllable mechanisms for linear motion, tip deflection, and rotation of catheter | No requirement for bespoke proprietary equipment in addition to robotic system | Specifically designed to manipulate EP catheters. limiting potential clinical translation to PCI or PVI |
Magellan robotic system | Peripheral vascular intervention | Touchscreen, 3D joystick, foot pedal | Steerable guide catheter inside a steerable sheath via tendon drives with movement in three dimensions. Separate remote wire manipulator allowing linear and rotational movement of guidewire | System has been shown to increase procedure accuracy and reduce procedure time in vitro53 as well as reduce histological damage to vessels in vivo54 | Requires the manual deployment of interventional devices and the use of bespoke proprietary catheter and sheath |
CorPath 200 | Coronary and peripheral vascular intervention | Touchscreen, joystick | Separate mechanisms for linear and rotational motion of guidewire. Mechanism for linear motion of rapid exchange catheter | Can use ‘off the shelf’ 0.014 inch coronary guidewires and rapid exchange catheters for intervention | No capability for guide catheter manipulation. Uses a disposable cassette that must be replaced between procedures |
PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention ; PVI, peripheral vascular intervention .