Outcome analyses and adverse events
| Composite adverse events | Control group (n=68) | Lidocaine group (n=68) | P value |
| Patients, n (%) | 29 (42.6) | 13 (19.1) | 0.003 |
| TCR | 12 (17.6) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Heart arrest | 3 (4.4) | 0 | 0.24 |
| Headache/dizziness | 14 (20.6) | 10 (14.7) | 0.37 |
| PONV | 5 (7.4) | 2 (2.9) | 0.44 |
| Muscle weakness | 1 (1.5) | 2 (2.9) | 1.00 |
| Aphasia | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 1.00 |
| Hypopsia | 2 (2.9) | 1 (1.5) | 1.00 |
| Cerebral infarction | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 1.00 |
The components of the composite adverse events (intraoperative and within the first 24 hours after surgery) were TCR, heart arrest, dizziness, PONV, muscle weakness and other events (aphasia, hypopsia and cerebral infarction).
PONV, postoperative nausea and vomiting; TCR, trigeminocardiac reflex.