Demographics of the conventional and drug-eluting balloon groups
| Demographics | DEB group | Conventional group | P value |
| Number | 29 | 36 | N/A |
| Female sex | 0 | 1 (2.8%) | 0.366 |
| Age (mean) | 64.7±9.4 (47–88) | 63.6±7.6 (48–78) | 0.632 |
| NIHSS score before PTAS | 6±2 (2–10) | 7±2 (0–12) | 0.356 |
| NIHSS score 7 days after PTAS | 4±2 (1–8) | 3±1 (0–6) | 0.111 |
| mRS score before PTAS | 1±1 (0–2) | 1±1 (0–2) | 0.351 |
| mRS score 7 days after PTAS | 1±1 (0–2) | 1±1 (0–2) | 0.351 |
| Etiology for radiation therapy (nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal cancer/larynx or hypopharyngeal cancer) | 24/5 (82.8%/17.2%) | 27/9 (75.0%/25.0%) | 0.449 |
| Stenotic location (ICA only/CCA only/ICA+CCA) | 20/6/3 (69.0%/20.7%/10.3%) | 23/9/4 (63.9%/25.0%/11.1%) | 0.905 |
| Treated lesion laterality (right/left) | 16/13 | 19/17 | 0.847 |
| Presence of neurological symptoms* before PTAS | 20 (69.0%) | 18 (50.0%) | 0.123 |
| Risk factors | |||
| Hypertension | 20 (69.0%) | 26 (72.2%) | 0.774 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (34.5%) | 10 (27.8%) | 0.560 |
| Smoking | 23 (79.3%) | 26 (72.2%) | 0.510 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 15 (51.7%) | 21 (58.3%) | 0.594 |
| Preprocedural DSA | |||
| DSA stenosis (%) | 79.28±10.56 (60.9–94.5) | 78.85±7.32 (65.2–94.3) | 0.845 |
| Lesion length (cm) | 2.77±1.74 (0.86–7.73) | 2.40±0.95 (1.03–5.41) | 0.286 |
| DEB diameter (mm) | 4.93±1.20 (3.5–7) | N/A | N/A |
| DEB length (cm) | 6.00±1.67 (3–8) | N/A | N/A |
| Postprocedural DSA and periprocedural neurological complications | |||
| Residual stenosis on control DSA (%) | 16.46±3.85 (11.6–24.1) | 17.69±4.36 (10.4–28.4) | 0.237 |
The degrees of stenosis were calculated based on the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) method.20
Results are shown as number (%) or mean±SD (range).
*Neurological symptoms before PTAS were referred to amaurosis, transient ischemic attack, or minor or major stroke.
CCA, common carotid artery; DEB, drug-eluting balloon; DSA, digital subtraction angiography; ICA, internal carotid artery; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Insitutes of Health Stroke Scale; PTAS, percutaneous angioplasty and stenting.