Biopassivity with hydrated boundary layer reducing intrinsic pathway activation

Preclinical evidence that it can reduce neointimal hyperplasia

Approved for neurovascular use, but unclear safety with SAPT

Creates hydrophilic boundary layer to reduce intrinsic pathway activation

Approved for neurovascular use, including with SAPT in certain geographies. Appears not recommended with aspirin only

COATING randomized study ongoing to determine safety/efficacy with prasugrel only

Prevents interaction with circulating thrombotic factors by forming a protective layer of intermediate water

Shown to not impede endothelial attachment

Approved for neurovascular use, but unclear safety with SAPT

Proven anticoagulant activity of heparin bound to device surface

When immobilized, it displays antiplatelet activity as well

Devices in the preclinical stage for neurovascular use, but a long history with coronary stents that show safety with aspirin monotherapy

Antithrombogenic coating that is also highly conducive to endothelial growth

Approved for neurovascular use, but unclear safety with SAPT

Powerful antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity

Not currently used on medical devices and far from neurovascular implementation

Binds endothelial progenitors to improve growth over the device

Rapid endothelialization with low stent thrombosis rate

Currently only available on coronary devices

Potential to improve endothelial growth and device thrombogenicity by leveraging dissociative water

Not currently used on medical devices and far from neurovascular implementation

Binds endothelial cells to improve growth on device and decreases leukocyte and platelet activation

Preclinical stages showing promise