Laboratory investigationMatrix Metalloproteinase-9 May Play a Role in Recanalization and Recurrence after Therapeutic Embolization of Aneurysms or Arteries
Section snippets
Surgical Construction of Aneurysms and Intraoperative Embolization
Protocols were approved by the institutional committee in accordance with guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care. Beagle dogs (n = 41) weighing 10–15 kg were sedated with acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg), glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg), and butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg), anesthetized with thiopental (15 mg/kg), and maintained under anesthesia with 2% isoflurane. Lateral wall aneurysms were constructed on each common carotid artery (11, 12, 15). Two segments of the same external jugular vein were
Angiographic and Pathologic Results at 3 Weeks
There was no significant difference in the extent of aneurysm exclusion immediately after surgery. At the time of euthanasia, contrast agent filling of crescentic residual or recurrent lesions was significantly less frequent in denuded aneurysms (8%) versus endothelialized aneurysms (84%; P < 0.001; Fig 1a,1b
The aneurysm ostium was more completely occluded in denuded aneurysms. Endothelialized aneurysms typically showed thin neointimal coverage of the sponge that was continuous with
Discussion
Mechanisms responsible for healing or recurrences after endovascular treatment remain poorly understood. Stable angiographic results have been associated with the formation of a thick neointima sealing the neck of aneurysms in human autopsy specimens and animal models, and neointima formation has been the object of extensive research in the cardiology literature (19, 20). Conversely, a recanalization phenomenon can be demonstrated in experimental models and its inhibition by endothelial
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Yves St. Pierre (Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada) for the gift of MMP-9–knockout mice, which were generated by B. Arnold (Heildelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany) and G. Opdenakker (Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium).
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Acute Recanalization of a Partially Thrombosed Large Intracranial Aneurysm
2018, World NeurosurgeryCitation Excerpt :They discussed the prominence of careful angiographic follow-up of dissecting vertebrobasilar aneurysms even in patients successfully treated with endovascular occlusion of the affected artery and aneurysm. Another fundamental analysis reported the participation of molecular proinflammatory enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which is usually expressed in smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and monocytes, in the degradation of collagen at the bordering vascular basement membrane, thus participating not only in formation of the aneurysm but also in its post-thrombus repermeabilization.19 Bouzeghrane et al.19 noted that aneurysms with low MMP-9 messenger RNA expression are at low risk of recanalization.
Aneurysm Organization Effects of Gellan Sulfate Core Platinum Coil with Tenascin-C in a Simulated Clinical Setting and the Possible Mechanism
2016, Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular DiseasesCitation Excerpt :In experimental aneurysms, it has been reported that both MMP-9 and TGF-β are upregulated after embolization.31 TGF-β may promote clot organization and aneurysm healing,32 while MMP-9 may be involved in both recanalization or recurrence33 and organization or healing34 after therapeutic embolization of aneurysms. Taken together with previous studies, our findings suggest the mechanisms of GSCC to promote intra-aneurysmal organization as follows: GS in the GSCC attracted and was bound to TNC in the clot,4 and increased the concentration of TNC around the coils, causing upregulation of MMP-9 that, in turn, activated TFG-β.
Controlled release of osteopontin and interleukin-10 from modified endovascular coil promote cerebral aneurysm healing
2016, Journal of the Neurological SciencesCitation Excerpt :MMP-9 however, was speculated to have mixed effects. It is on one hand shown to be possibly contributing to recanalization of aneurysm while on the other hand to be crucial to aneurysm healing such as promote smooth muscle cell migration and aneurysm occlusion [12,26,27]. These mixed effects of MMP-9 might contribute to the observation that there was no significant enhancement in tissue ingrowth in the PLGA/MMP-9 coil group comparing with the control group.
Deep vein thrombosis resolution is impaired in diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice
2008, Journal of Vascular SurgeryCitation Excerpt :Samples were snap-frozen and stored at –80°C for biochemical study (n = 6), or fixed overnight in Zn-Tris solution, dehydrated, and paraffin-embedded for histochemistry (n = 4). Immunohistochemical staining was performed as described21 using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against nitric oxide synthetase (NOS3; 1:100) for endothelial cells; CD68 (1:200) for monocytes/macrophages, uPA (1:200), and PAI-1 (1:100; all from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc, Santa Cruz, Calif); mouse monoclonal anti-MMP-2 and anti-MMP-9 (1:200; Neomarkers Inc, Fremont, Calif). Five-μm deparaffinized and rehydrated sections were blocked first with 3% hydrogen peroxide in methanol and then with 10% normal goat serum in Tris buffer saline Tween-20; incubated overnight with primary antibodies, and revealed by a species-specific biotin-avidin-peroxidase complex (Vectastain ABC KIT, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, Calif).
Combination release of chemokines from coated coils to target aneurysm healing
2023, Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery
This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Institute of Health research (MOP-44062) and Fondation des Maladies du Coeur du Québec to J.R. None of the authors have identified a conflict of interest.