Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the infant retina that is diagnosed in approximately 8,000
children each year worldwide. It forms when both retinoblastoma gene (RB1) alleles are …

After completion of this article, the reader will be able to 1) state the therapeutic interventions
that are currently used to treat intraocular retinoblastoma, and to outline the mechanism of …

The management of intraocular retinoblastoma is rapidly changing, and even recent reviews
on the subject are behind existing practices. The 4 authors of this report collectively …

Context.—There is a substantial risk of a second cancer for persons with hereditary
retinoblastoma, which is enhanced by radiotherapy. Objective.—To examine long-term risk …

Background: Children diagnosed with retinoblastoma, a rare cancer of the eye, tend to
develop and die of second primary cancers in childhood and adolescence, but few …

Importance Uveal melanoma is characterized by mutations inGNAQandGNA11, resulting in
mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. Objective To assess the efficacy of …

OBJECTIVE: To develop a technique that would allow us to cannulate repeatedly the
ophthalmic artery of young children with advanced retinoblastoma, to find a dose of …

Purpose Many children diagnosed with retinoblastoma (Rb) survive into adulthood and are
prone to subsequent cancers, particularly hereditary patients, who have germline Rb-1 …

Objective: To determine whether intra-arterial chemotherapy is safe and effective in
advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma often presents with advanced …

A review of 693 patients with bilateral retinoblastoma and 18 patients with
unilateral/germinal retinoblastoma was carried out to find the incidence, time, course and …